Experimental study on film cooling performance of imperfect holes

An experimental study is made to investigate the film cooling performance of imperfect holes due to in-hole blockage over a flat plate. A specifically pyramid-shaped element is used to simulate the in-hole blockage. Six in-hole blockage orientations (such as leading-inlet, leading-middle, leading-exit, trailing-inlet, trailing-middle and trailing-exit) and four blocking ratios (ranging from 0.1 to 0.4) are taken into considerations. Based on the experimental results, the influences of in-hole blockage on the film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient under typical blowing ratios are analyzed. It is confirmed that the in-hole blockage results in a reduction of discharge coefficient related to the perfect film cooling holes, especially for the leading-exit and trailing-inlet orientations with a big blocking ratio. However, in the view of film cooling effectiveness, the in-hole blockage shows complicated affecting roles. In general, except for the leading-exit orientation, the in-hole blockages produce detrimental influence on the film cooling effectiveness.     

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight ratios. To further increase the thermal efficiency, numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out, majorly under stationary conditions. However, the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces, which should change the velocity, turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating conditions. To elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling, the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed, which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling, pin fin cooling, jet impingement cooling, dimple/protrusion cooling, latticework cooling as well as swirl cooling. The rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also presented. Moreover, recommendations for future research are outlined. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.     

高超声速边界层转捩特性试验探究

通过在激波风洞中开展转捩试验,选取来流马赫数分别为6和8,单位雷诺数分别为4.1×10 6m -1 、2.6×10 7m -1 和4.4×10 7m -1 的来流条件,研究马赫数、单位雷诺数以及攻角变化对钝锥边界层和平板边界层转捩位置的影响。结果表明,攻角增大使钝锥迎风面和背风面边界层转捩位置均前移,使平板边界层转捩位置也前移;钝锥边界层在低马赫数时更容易转捩,平板边界层转捩受马赫数影响在攻角有差异时有所不同;单位雷诺数的增大促进转捩,但对于钝锥边界层而言,该参数增加到试验选定的上限时,转捩位置的变化并不明显;在转捩过程中平板边界层的脉动压力系数与热流具有相同的变化趋势。试验捕捉到了第二模态扰动。     

一种空间极低温吸附制冷机的设计与实现

针对极低温吸附制冷技术的热沉制冷系统,系统分析了极低温吸附制冷的特性,研究了热沉温度对极低温吸附制冷性能的影响,研制了一台极低温吸附制冷机样机,工质气体为氦4,在1.5W@4.2K G-M制冷机基础上实现了50μW@0.8K的制冷性能,验证了基于机械制冷系统的更高热沉温度技术的可行性,这一成果为深空探测和载人空间站相关研究提供了技术支撑。     

气膜出流对叶片内表面换热系数影响的实验研究和计算

本文用实验和数值计算的方法研究了气膜出流对通道内壁换热系数分布的影响,研究的重点是在三维湍流状况下气膜孔间距比的变化和进气雷诺数等因素的影响规律。研究结果表明:在所研究的范围内,湍流对流换热系数比层流换热系数有数量级上的增加,换热系数随着雷诺数的增大而增大,孔间距比的变化对换热系数的影响不是单调的,内壁的换热特性在孔的间距比变化时并没有明显的变化。      

试论低温钢低温韧性的改善

通过调整合金成份和改变热处理制度试验,有效地提高了低温钢的低温韧性。文章介绍了试验过程和效果。     

复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用

某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。     

不锈钢-铜热沉是新的发展方向

文章介绍了KM4铝热沉到KM4铜热沉及从KM3铜热沉到KM3不锈钢-铜热沉的发展过程,充分展现了我国自主研制的空间环境模拟器的强大生命力和技术实力,为我国空间环境工程的发展奠定了坚实的基础。作者认为不锈钢-铜热沉是当今世界的潮流,代表了空间环境模拟器热沉研制的主流方向。     

某型飞机实测起落架着陆载荷谱分析

着陆撞击是飞机起落架最重要的载荷情况之一.通过实测数据分析得出某型飞机前、主起落架着陆撞击载荷谱,包括垂直载荷系数谱、起转与回弹载荷系数谱、侧向载荷系数谱及下沉速度谱等.并给出了一些载荷的特点及回归结果.此外,对起落架载荷测试方法亦进行了简单介绍.     

铝热沉的焊接工艺选择及其实施

文章介绍了在新型空间环境模拟器中铝热沉的焊接工艺选择和实施过程。该热沉是用2千多根铝管和4千多条焊缝焊成的。它要求焊缝在长期冷热交变作用下仍具有高度的气密性。实践证明了这种工艺选择的正确性,并很好地满足了设计要求。