涡轮叶片尾缘出流对带叉排扰流柱阵列的内冷通道传热特性的影响

本文用实验的方法模拟研究了涡轮叶片尾缘出流对带叉排扰流柱阵列的内冷通道的对流换热特性的影响。实验模型通道为矩形通道,扰流柱的排列参数S_n/d为6.5,S_p/S_n为1.2,其中d为扰流柱的直径,S_n为扰流柱横向间距,S_p为2倍的纵向间距。矩形模型通道的长边与转轴的夹角为20°。研究了出流孔总面积A₀与通道最大截面积A的比值,雷诺数Re,转动数R₀等参数对传热特性的影响。并比较了尾缘出流与叶尖出流的换热特性。      

热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构分析

为了评估热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构特性,初步发展了数值模拟方法。将AHL3D计算的超燃发动机三维内流场结果作为输入条件,然后通过参考焓法得到热环境数据,最后将发动机流道的热环境数据和压载数据输入到热/力响应有限元计算程序。通过对地面试验发动机的非稳态热分析计算结果表明,数值模拟方法适用性较好;沿轨道飞行发动机在发动机点火前机体最大温度可达825 K,喷涂绝热涂层能够降低机体温度;发动机机体的应力和位移随着时间的增加而增大。     

超临界压力下航空煤油圆管流动和传热的数值研究

对超临界压力下大庆RP-3航空煤油在小管道内的流动、传热过程进行了数值研究。湍流模拟采用了RNG k-ε两方程模型和Wolfstein一方程模型结合的两层模型;同时,采用煤油的10组分替代模型以及NIST Super-trapp程序库对大庆3号航空煤油的热物理和输运特性进行了确定。圆管传热的计算条件为:入口压力4 MPa,入口温度300 K,质量流量范围:0.06～0.12 kg/s,壁面热流密度范围:300～700 kW/m2。计算结果显示,煤油的流动和传热特性比水、二氧化碳等简单化合物复杂得多。在超临界压力下,煤油的吸热升温导致其热物理特性以及流动特性均发生剧烈变化,其中,雷诺数沿管道方向上升了至少一个量级,而普朗特数下降了一个量级。在加热开始段,煤油的对流传热系数迅速上升;当壁面温度超过其拟临界温度后,对流传热系数略有所回落;随着煤油温度的进一步上升,传热系数又得到明显增强。计算表明,煤油对流换热特性的变化与煤油复杂的高温热物理特性以及湍流流动在近壁区的增强和抑止有关。     

钝化前缘对栅格翼激波干扰与热流分布的影响

采用数值模拟与工程计算相结合的方法对高超音速栅格翼进行了研究,分析了在高超音速 情况下,栅格翼激波干扰对前缘钝度的敏感性以及对栅格翼热流分布产生的影响。结果表明 ：在同等栅格间距下,产生激波干扰的第三临界马赫数随栅格翼前缘钝度的增大而增加,传 统的尖前缘栅格翼理论不适用于钝化前缘外形。另外,激波干扰在栅格翼表面会产生局部的 高热流区域,但此热流峰值与前缘驻点相比仍然较低,因此对栅格翼热防护无额外影响。

     

ZM-4300光学遥感器空间环境模拟试验设备研制

ZM-4300光学遥感器空间环境模拟试验设备针对航天光学遥感仪器空间环境模拟试验而设计制造,可进行航天光学遥感仪器的热光学、热真空、热平衡及热循环等空间环模试验。设备包括8个主要分系统;具有液氮和机械制冷两个制冷流程;真空容器24 h累积污染量不大于1.36 g/cm2。     

大型空间环模器热沉热设计研究

分析了大型空间环模器热沉壁面温度分布的主要影响因素,利用热沉管网动态仿真软件(HSDS)研究了不同热沉片结构对支管流量分配的影响,针对我国某大型空间环模器热沉在热设计方面存在的主要问题提出了简单可行的改进方案.最后,给出了借助所开发的HSDS仿真软件进行热沉热设计的一般步骤.      

Parallel algorithm and its convergence of spatial domain decomposition of discrete ordinates method for solving radiation heat transfer problem

To improve the computational efficiency and hold calculation accuracy at the same time,we study the parallel computation for radiation heat transfer. In this paper, the discrete ordinates method(DOM) and the spatial domain decomposition parallelization(DDP) are combined by message passing interface(MPI) language. The DDP–DOM computation of the radiation heat transfer within the rectangular furnace is described. When the result of DDP–DOM along one-dimensional direction is compared with that along multi-dimensional directions, it is found that the result of the latter one has higher precision without considering the medium scattering. Meanwhile, an in-depth study of the convergence of DDP–DOM for radiation heat transfer is made. Analyzing the cause of the weak convergence, we relate the total number of iteration steps when the convergence is obtained to the number of sub-domains. When we decompose the spatial domain along one-,two- and three-dimensional directions, different linear relationships between the number of total iteration steps and the number of sub-domains will be possessed separately, then several equations are developed to show the relationships. Using the equations, some phenomena in DDP–DOM can be made clear easily. At the same time, the correctness of the equations is verified.     

Study of amplification coefficient in a water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus

A new water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus is designed to meet the need of heat power source management and distribution. The steady state measurement mathematic model of the apparatus is built up in theory and the system amplification coefficient is defined as the ratio of the heat power to the temperature difference of the device, with which the value of the measured source power can be calculated easily with the corresponding temperature difference. In order to obtain an optimal heat power measuring system, the coefficients that can influence the relationship between the amplification coefficient, the temperature difference, and the heat power are analyzed. On the basis of these analyses, a set of experimental device is constructed and a number of experiments are carried on. Compared with the input heat power sample data, the error of the experimental measuring results is less than ±2%, and the experimental measuring values are in good agreement with the calculated theoretical ones. The heat power measuring apparatus can be applied in heat flux or heat power measurement in other fields due to its simple structure and high accuracy.     

环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特征影响的理论研究

为获得亚临界条件下,环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特性的影响规律,基于多组分液滴蒸发模型,对癸烷—乙醇二元混合液滴在高温氮气环境下的运动蒸发过程开展模型研究。通过模型计算,获得了液滴内部浓度分布、温度分布和液滴速度随时间的变化;分析了在环境压力0.1MPa和2MPa下,不同浓度液滴温度、尺寸及表面乙醇浓度的变化特征。结果表明:双组分液滴运动蒸发过程中,内部存在显著浓度和温度梯度,传热扩散快于传质扩散。常压环境下,液滴温度经历瞬态加热和平衡蒸发两个阶段,而高压环境下,液滴温度逐渐升高至接近环境温度。双组分液滴蒸发过程中由于组分浓度随时间变化,其无量纲尺寸随时间变化明显偏离"d 2理论";环境压力越高,液滴运动的贯穿距离越短,蒸发速率越慢。乙醇浓度对液滴蒸发速率的影响有两方面:蒸发前期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率越快;而蒸发后期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率反而越慢。     

火灾试验中复合推进剂热辐射通量的测量

为了验证热辐射通量理论计算方法对推进剂的适用性,采用热辐射计测试了三种推进剂在外部火烧试验中的热辐射通量最大值和平均值,并根据样品燃烧时间计算了样品的热辐射通量。三种推进剂的热辐射通量的测量平均值为2.87kW/m2,2.65kW/m2和3.44kW/m2,理论计算值为4.06kW/m2,7.62kW/m2和3.67kW/m2。结果表明:当样品燃烧时间大于5s时,热辐射通量的测试平均值与理论计算值基本一致;当燃烧时间小于5s时,由于理论计算公式中设定的燃烧热转变为辐射热的比例(0.33)大于实际转化率,导致热辐射通量的理论计算值偏大,因此建议用热辐射计测量样品的热辐射通量。