短扰流柱排端壁的平均换热实验

为了深入了解涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱区域的端壁换热情况,针对梯形通道高稠度短扰流柱排,沿着弦向和径向都有出流或只沿径向出流的情况,通过实验测量了端壁换热分布,研究了弦向出流比(0.25～1)和弦向出流雷诺数(3×104～9×104)对端壁换热的影响。实验结果表明:(1)端壁平均努塞尔数随着雷诺数增加而增加,随着出流比的增加先下降,出流比从0.75到1平均努塞尔数又略增加。(2)不同出流比情况下,沿着弦向和径向努塞尔数的变化具有不同的规律。     

激光重熔对喷射电沉积纳米结构镍涂层性能影响研究

采用喷射电沉积方法在45钢基体表面制备了纳米结构镍涂层,研究了激光重熔工艺对涂层性能的影响。用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层表面形貌和晶粒尺寸进行分析,并对涂层做表面显微硬度测试和耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明:在优化的工艺参数下,喷射电沉积制备的镍涂层表面比较平整、结合较致密,由平均尺寸为13.7 nm的纳米晶颗粒组成,但涂层中仍存在一些孔隙及其它缺陷;经过激光重熔后,熔融区内的晶粒尺寸明显减小,涂层致密化程度有所提高并使涂层与基体由机械结合变为冶金结合,因此涂层的表面显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能得到明显的提高。     

一种模拟整星热环境的小型单机热平衡试验

文章通过对一个典型的单机热分析和热试验的研究,提出了一种小型单机热平衡试验方法,模拟单机在整星环境下的热平衡试验,以避免只为验证其热设计而再次补做整星热平衡试验。为准确模拟单机在星内的辐射和导热过程,通过灰体间辐射热网络法和仪器安装板处单元体热平衡法,给出了等效辐射特征点和等效导热特征点的确定方法;并结合试验结果,对模型修正的合理性、局限性进行了分析,提出了在实际应用过程中应注意的问题。     

大容量表面张力贮箱流阻特性的计算分析

对贮箱内部的流阻分布情况进行计算具有重要意义,它不但可以为整个推进系统的流阻分析提供依据,而且是并联贮箱平衡排放研究的基础,它能够为贮箱筛选提供参考,同时能够找出对流阻影响最大的部位,以便在加工过程中对其一致性进行严格控制。对一种部分管理的大容量表面张力贮箱的内部流阻情况进行计算和分析,在建立推进剂管理装置内部流阻分布的数学模型的基础上,对各个部位的流动情况进行详细分析,得到了多种状态、不同流量条件下推进剂管理装置各部位流阻分布的情况,以及管理装置流阻分布随着总流量变化的关系。     

圆柱状含液体介质的空间辐射器的传热效率

给出了求解典型圆柱状态含液体介质的空间辐射器传热效率的解析计算公式,降低了辐射器传热效率计算的复杂度,通过与数值计算结果的比对分析,认为用流体入口温度代替辐射器平均温度的假设在工程上是能够接受的,其引起的偏差小于5%。     

空客320货舱衬板复合材料的热解和燃烧特性

使用热重分析仪和锥形量热仪在相同条件下分析对比两种试验材料空客320货舱衬板（玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂）和3240玻纤板-FR4（玻璃纤维/环氧树脂）的热解和燃烧特性。试验结果表明：空客320货舱衬板和3240玻纤板-FR4的热解分为4个和3个阶段,货舱衬板的初始热分解温度、点燃时间及燃烧时长均小于3240玻纤板-FR4。3240玻纤板-FR4的有烟时间、产烟率（RSR）及总产烟量（TSR）大于货舱衬板,且产烟率（RSR）及总产烟量（TSR）分别是货舱衬板的2倍、3.45倍;3240玻纤板-FR4的热释放速率（HRR）及总热释放量（THR）大于货舱衬板,且热释放速率峰值（pk-HRR）及总热释放量（THR）分别是货舱衬板的1.47倍、1.94倍。故空客320货舱衬板在火灾发生后对人的生命安全及飞机的运行安全危险性小。     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

基于多特征融合的航天器锂电池健康评估技术

传统的航天器蓄电池可靠性试验按照最大放电深度进行定额充放电，所构建的失效模型用于支撑航天器总体可靠性设计，不能用于在轨锂离子蓄电池健康评估任务；航天器在蓄电池遥测的采样率、精度、样本量方面无法与民用领域相比，基于高采样、大样本的民用蓄电池健康估计方法也不适用于在轨锂离子蓄电池健康评估。针对该问题，从在轨航天器蓄电池数据特性出发，挖掘在轨状态下所能提取的退化特征，并采用多特征综合评价方法，设计了一种基于多特征融合的在轨锂离子蓄电池健康评估方法，实现了在轨蓄电池放电内阻、同放电深度下的终端电压、恒压充电时间3项退化特征融合的健康量化评估，应用于某型号卫星的在轨监测与健康评估，具有良好的工程实用性，可作为国内航天器健康评估技术的参考。     

主动航天服关节助力外骨骼结构设计及优化

为克服航天服关节阻尼力矩对宇航员未来太空作业、星表探测以及骨骼肌能恢复训练的影响，设计一种可应用于航天服的关节助力外骨骼方案。首先，结合航天服结构分析，研制了第一代关节助力外骨骼样机。其次，根据使用反馈对第一代外骨骼样机进行结构优化，初步确定第二代外骨骼样机的设计模型，利用有限元软件对负重状态下外骨骼样机进行静力学分析及模态分析。最后，进一步优化第二代外骨骼样机的结构尺寸，优化后的整体质量相较于优化前第二代及第一代样机分别下降了19.34%和40.03%，验证了外骨骼样机结构优化方案的可行性。研究结果为主动航天服结构动力学分析和控制系统开发提供理论依据。