热处理对块状氧化铝气凝胶微观结构的影响

以AlCl_3·6H_2O为前驱体,无水乙醇和去离子水的混合溶液为溶剂,环氧丙烷为凝胶网络诱导荆,通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备得到溶胶,再经超临界干燥制备出块状氧化铝气凝胶.采用SEM、TEM、XRD、BET等手段,对氧化铝气凝胶在不同热处理温度下的微观结构进行了对比和分析.结果表明,氧化铝气凝胶的主要成分为多晶勃姆石相,微观结构由许多叶片状纤维堆积形成,经500和1 000℃热处理后成块性未受到明显的影响,比表面积各为429和174 m~2/g.在20～1000℃内,氧化铝气凝胶发生了由多晶态勃姆石相→γ-Al_2O_3→δ-Al_2O_3的相转变.     

复合材料质量烧蚀率计算模型实验研究

通过对CF/S- 157PF复合材料进行氧-乙炔烧蚀试验研究,得到了质量烧蚀率,并利用多元线性回归方法,拟合得到了该参数与热流密度和烧蚀时间的数学模型,即M=0.043.q0.128·t-0.191.经检验,该回归模型适用性较好,预测精度较高,为复合材料该项烧蚀性能的评估建立了快速、有效、可靠的试验方法.     

电子束固化复合材料固化过程温度分布模型

为了深入理解电子束固化复合材料固化成型过程中的传热行为,在电子束固化阳离子环氧树脂的固化反应动力学研究的基础上,结合传统传热原理,建立并验证了电子束固化复合材料固化过程中的热传递与温度分布模型.研究表明,建立的温度变化模型与复合材料实际辐射固化过程中的温度变化规律基本一致.     

辐射板强化喷管换热与红外抑制效果试验研究

试验研究了在发动机喷管中加装金属辐射板前后,喷管壁面温度、热喷流温度与喷管红外辐射特征的变化.结果表明,加装金属辐射板后,热喷流与喷管壁面之间的热量传递显著增强,热喷流中心温度降低,壁面温度明显升高,在90°方向上,热喷流3 ～ 5μm波段的红外辐射强度降低了38.5％.文中从热喷流、喷管壁面以及金属辐射板等相关部件的温度变化情况对红外辐射强度的变化原因进行了解释.     

Research on modeling of heat source for electron beam welding fusion-solidification zone

In this paper, the common heat source model of point and linear heat source in the numerical simulation of electron beam welding (EBW) were summarized and introduced. The combined point-linear heat source model was brought forward and to simulate the welding temperature fields of EBW and predicting the weld shape. The model parameters were put forward and regulated in the combined model, which included the ratio of point heat source to linear heat source Qpr and the distribution of linear heat source Lr. Based on the combined model, the welding temperature fields of EBW were investigated. The results show that the predicted weld shapes are conformable to those of the actual, the temperature fields are reasonable and correct by simulating with combined point-linear heat source model and the typical weld shapes are gained.     

氧换热器在两相流条件下的压力脉动机理分析

氢氧液体火箭发动机氧换热器在研制过程中出现了压力脉动现象，影响了换热器的正常工作。以该型换热器为研究对象，将换热器分为燃气侧、汇总管、圆管等结构，进行了CFD仿真计算，与试验结果对比，修正了传热相关参数，建立了换热器理论计算模型用于参数计算；利用非线性方法分析试验数据，确定了该换热器为混沌系统；利用两相流分析与电路类比两种方法分别针对换热器进行了建模与计算，均捕捉到了相变下换热器内的压力脉动。结果表明：通过CFD仿真及试验修正后的参数用于计算换热器的稳态参数，具有较好的一致性；换热器出现压力脉动时，具有一定非线性特征，且压力脉动越大，非线性程度越高；该换热器出现压力脉动的原因为氧工况接近两相区，相变使得介质密度发生剧变。根据分析结果提出了提高换热器设计压力的改进措施，通过试验得到了有效验证。     

Experimental study of curvature effects on jet impingement heat transfer on concave surfaces

Experimental study of the local and average heat transfer characteristics of a single round jet impinging on the concave surfaces was conducted in this work to gain in-depth knowledge of the curvature effects. The experiments were conducted by employing a piccolo tube with one sin-gle jet hole over a wide range of parameters: jet Reynolds number from 27000 to 130000, relative nozzle to surface distance from 3.3 to 30, and relative surface curvature from 0.005 to 0.030. Exper-imental results indicate that the surface curvature has opposite effects on heat transfer characteris-tics. On one hand, an increase of relative nozzle to surface distance (increasing jet diameter in fact) enhances the average heat transfer around the surface for the same curved surface. On the other hand, the average Nusselt number decreases as relative nozzle to surface distance increases for a fixed jet diameter. Finally, experimental data-based correlations of the average Nusselt number over the curved surface were obtained with consideration of surface curvature effect. This work con-tributes to a better understanding of the curvature effects on heat transfer of a round jet impinge-ment on concave surfaces, which is of high importance to the design of the aircraft anti-icing system.     

航空轴承钢的发展及热处理技术

随着航空航天技术的发展,轴承钢的种类和承温能力逐渐提高。而轴承钢的热处理技术对轴承钢的服役寿命及轴承性能的发挥起着关键性的作用,我国航空航天轴承的热处理技术一直处于发展阶段,与国外轴承钢的热处理技术相比仍有一定的上升空间。搜集国内外轴承钢相关的热处理文献,总结了国内外航空航天轴承钢及热处理技术的发展。主要论述了GCr15、8Cr4Mo4V、G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V等轴承钢的热处理技术,介绍了GCr15轴承钢的马氏体等温淬火、贝氏体等温淬火、马氏体+贝氏体混合等温淬火组织,详细介绍了国外M50轴承钢的热处理工艺方法、工艺参数及获得的热处理组织。     

Damage localization effects of the regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber wall in LOX/methane rocket engines

To investigate the damage localization effects of the thrust chamber wall caused by combustions in LOX/methane rocket engines, a fluid-structural coupling computational methodology with a multi-channel model is developed to obtain 3-demensioanl thermal and structural responses. Heat and mechanical loads are calculated by a validated finite volume fluid-thermal coupling numerical method considering non-premixed combustion processes of propellants. The methodology is subsequently performed on an LOX/methane thrust chamber under cyclic operation. Results show that the heat loads of the thrust chamber wall are apparently non-uniform in the circumferential direction. There are noticeable disparities between different cooling channels in terms of temperature and strain distributions at the end of the hot run phase, which in turn leads to different temperature ranges, strain ranges, and residual strains during one cycle. With the work cycle proceeding, the circumferential localization effect of the residual strain would be significantly enhanced. A post-processing damage analysis reveals that the low-cycle fatigue damage accumulated in each cycle is almost unchanged, while the quasi static damage accumulated in a considered cycle declines until stabilized after several cycles. The maximum discrepancy of the predicted lives between different cooling channels is about 30%.     

Numerical exploration on the thermal invasion characteristics of two typical gap-cavity structures subjected to hypersonic airflow

In this paper, numerical investigation of hypersonic gas flow over two typical gap-cavity structures is carried out using all-speed preconditioned density-based solver. Such structures filled with porous seal in the gap are often present at the joint locations of control surfaces of the hypersonic vehicles. Single-domain approach is adopted to integrate the governing equations for both porous and fluid regions. The basic thermal invasion characteristic is first illustrated using the maze gap-cavity structure without sealing. Then, the influence of seal filling depth on the thermal invasion characteristic is investigated for the structure with sealing. Finally, a comparison of thermal invasion characteristics between maze and straight gap-cavity structures is performed to examine the influence of gap bending. Results show that the main source of hot airflow invading into the gap is from the millimeter scale gas layer within the boundary layer. And the invasion characteristic presents approximate stationary behavior. A primary vortex occurs in the gap adjacent to the leeward wall, which is ascribed to the impinging effect between the separate boundary flow and the windward wall. This effect is also the main driving force of thermal invasion. A treatment of filling the seal in certain depth inside the gap can significantly reduce the thermal load of seal and maintain an acceptable level of the invading mass flow rate. Additionally, it is found that the gap bending exerts a limited block effect on the thermal invasion without sealing, and this effect can be ignored with sealing. These results can provide a reference for optimizing the seal gap-cavity structure configuration.