稀土Y对低膨胀高温合金显微组织和界面的影响

运用分析电子显微术、高分辨电子显微术、化学相分析和 X-射线衍射等方法分析研究了Fe-Ni-Co-Nb-Ti-Si低膨胀高温合金的相组成和相结构 ,以及稀土对合金的组织和性能的影响规律。结果显示 ,微量的稀土主要存在于合金的片状相中 ,并使其晶体结构发生变化。加入适量的稀土 Y后 ,合金片状相变得更加细密、均匀。和不含稀土的低膨胀高温合金相比 ,含 Y的低膨胀高温合金中片状相与基体的晶格错配由 0 .7%下降到 0 .0 7% ,表明界面应力明显下降     

一种低Cr高W型铸造镍基高温合金的显微组织及其稳定性

研究了一种具有第一代单晶合金高温强度水平,其成分为Ni 1.5Cr 10Co 16W 2Mo 6Al 1Ti 1Nb 0.1C 0.02B 0.1Zr的普通铸造镍基高温合金的显微组织及其长时组织稳定性。对试验合金铸态及850℃/3000h,950℃/1000h,1100℃/50～500h热暴露后的显微组织进行了光学金相、定量金相、扫描电镜和能谱分析。结果表明:取样部位的截面尺寸不同直接影响合金铸态组织中相的尺寸及含量,其中大截面尺寸部位共晶γ′的含量少而尺寸大;截面尺寸对MC碳化物含量影响不大,但其尺寸随着截面尺寸的增大而明显增大。本试验用合金具有优良的组织稳定性,在850～1100℃长时热暴露均无有害的TCP相析出,其碳化物反应是MC的缓慢分解和M6C沿晶界、枝晶间和共晶γ'周围析出,在1100℃/500h热暴露以后,仍然保留原始铸态组织中约50%的MC碳化物。     

EB-PVD热障涂层等温氧化过程中的界面韧性变化

用压入法测试了电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层在1100℃等温氧化过程中的界面韧性,该热障涂层体系的界面韧性(Гi)在38～45J m2之间。在等温暴露过程中,界面韧性Гi变化较小;但由于TGO增厚引起涂层的弹性应变能(G0)快速增长,使得归一化的界面韧性(Гi G0)随暴露时间而急剧降低,逐渐趋于1。结果表明,粘结层的热生长氧化物(TGO)的增厚是热障涂层失效的一个重要原因。     

空间发电系统热管式吸热器热性能分析

为了提高吸热器的热性能、降低吸热器的质量,将热管用于空间太阳能热动力发电系统的吸热蓄热器,建立了相应的物理和数学模型,给出了数值求解方法,计算了蓄热容器最高温度、热管最高壁温、工质出口温度、相变材料(PCM)熔化率等参数,并与基本形吸热器进行了对比,验证了PCM的储热能力,减小了工质气体出口温度的波动。计算结果可用于吸热器的设计。      

掺杂SiO2气凝胶结构及其热学特性研究

以正硅酸四乙酯为硅源,钛白粉为红外遮光剂,通过溶胶－凝胶及超临界干燥过程制备了钛白粉掺杂ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶。用透射电镜、扫描电镜以及孔径分布仪对其结构进行了表征,并用动态热线法对其热学特性进行了测试。结果表明： 钛白粉能较均匀的分散在ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶中;掺杂ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶的孔洞大小分布在５～７０ｎｍ ,峰值在２０ｎｍ 附近,组成ＳｉＯ２ 网络的胶体颗粒为５～１０ｎｍ ;随着钛白粉掺杂量的增加,掺杂ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶的孔径分布峰高变矮,同时出现孔径为几纳米的微孔;热学测试结果显示钛白粉掺杂量为２０ｗ ｔ％ 的ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶在常压、８３１Ｋ 时的热导率为０．０３５ｗ ｍ － １Ｋ－ １。     

On the Prediction of CO Outgassing from Comets Hale-Bopp and Wirtanen

The gas flux from a volatile icy-dust mixture is computed using a comet nucleus thermal model in order to study the evolution of CO outgassing during several apparitions from long-period Comet Hale-Bopp and short-period Comet Wirtanen. The comet model assumes a spherical, porous body containing a dust component, one major ice component (H₂O), and one minor ice component of higher volatility (CO). The initial chemical composition is assumed to be homogeneous. The following processes are taken into account: heat and gas diffusion inside the rotating nucleus; release of outward diffusing gas from the comet nucleus; chemical differentiation by sublimation of volatile ices in the surface layers and recondensation of gas in deeper, cooler layers. A 2-D time dependent solution is obtained through the dependence of the boundary conditions on the local solar illumination as the nucleus rotates. The model for Comet Hale-Bopp was compared with observational measurements (Biver et al., 1999). The best agreement was obtained for a model with amorphous water ice and CO, assuming that a part of the latter is trapped by the water ice, another part is condensed as an independent ice phase. The model confirms that sublimation of CO ice at large heliocentric distance produces a gradual increase in the comet's activity as it approaches the Sun. Crystallization of amorphous water ice begins at 7 AU from the Sun, but no outbursts were found. Seasonal effects and thermal inertia of the nucleus material lead to larger CO outgassing rates as the comet recedes from the Sun. In the second part of this work the model was run with the orbital parameters of Comet Wirtanen. Unlike Comet Hale-Bopp, the predicted CO outgassing from Comet Wirtanen is almost constant throughout its orbit. Such behavior can be explained by a thermally evolved and chemically differentiated comet nucleus. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

陶瓷热障涂层的研究进展

综述了陶瓷热障涂层的材料体系研究进展，分析了陶瓷热障涂层的制备工艺、组织特点及其对涂层性能的影响，并指出了热障涂层今后的发展方向。     

热与化学耦合非平衡对热流和电子密度的影响

采用单、双温度模型两种粘性激波层方程组对弹头驻点区非平衡流场作了数值模拟。计算结果表明，在算例条件下热非平衡与化学非平衡的耦合效应对壁面热流和电子密度有明显影响。文中给出了完全催化壁和非催化壁两种情况下以及采用不同振动松弛时间公式时上述影响的变化规律。     

共聚聚丙烯、纳米二氧化钛(cPP/nano-TiO2)复合材料的流变行为与结晶形态

用毛细管流变仪测定了cPP/nano-TiO2复合材料在通常剪切应力下的流变性能.用热重对复合材料的降解温度进行了测定,发现纳米二氧化钛的加入使复合材料的降解温度逐渐降低.     

再入飞行器多层隔热结构优化分析

  针对可重复使用飞行器再入过程中热防护系统的复杂传热问题,采用有限元方法对可重复使用飞行器多层隔热结构(MLI)进行参数化求解,预测内部结构瞬态温度响应,对具4层反射屏的多层隔热结构进行优化设计,分析影响隔热性能的多个因素（如反射屏的分布,屏间纤维厚度和最上层反射屏与热边界距离）对隔热性能的影响规律,为多层隔热结构的优化设计提供相关参考。