周向非均匀流动引起的转子动力学载荷分析

以轴流涡轮为分析对象,分析了流动沿周向分布不均匀的条件下涡轮转子受到的气动载荷。假设涡轮级内的流动沿周向呈1次谐波形式的余弦函数分布,考虑转子叶片叶顶间隙,利用双耦合激励盘模型描述叶片通道中的流动,采用谐波分析方法求得涡轮转子受到的气动载荷。分析了不同轴向位置处、不同非均匀流动参数的影响,讨论了转子偏心所产生的非均匀流动,给出了非稳态流动条件下的气动载荷。结果表明:1次谐波形式的非均匀流动会产生附加载荷作用于转子,从而影响转子的动力学性能;非稳态不均匀流动会影响附加载荷的大小,但不改变其在动坐标系中的方向。     

波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构影响涡轮性能的数值模拟

利用数值模拟的方法研究了波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构和均匀轴向间隙封严结构下轮缘封严气流对涡轮性能的影响.研究表明:燃气入侵与出流结构受到静盘、动盘及主流切向速度的影响,以低于动盘转速同向旋转,并改变了转子的进气条件,增强了压力面马蹄涡强度,因此对转子出口流场造成很大影响.封严气流与上游导叶尾迹的相互作用引起转子通道内熵增,造成涡轮效率的下降.与均匀轴向间隙封严结构相比,波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构使大的入侵与出流结构破碎为小的结构,对涡轮性能的负面影响减小,涡轮效率提高了0.9%.结果证明了波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构在具有较好的封严效果的同时提高了涡轮性能.      

发动机动力模拟风洞试验中的空气桥技术

介绍了发动机动力模拟风洞试验中的空气桥设计技术和影响修正方法.通过自由度分析,选择了合理空气桥布局,采用有限元方法对空气桥关键受力梁进行了优化,建立了空气桥天平一体化数值模拟技术,使得空气桥和天平刚度更加匹配.通过这些设计及优化使得空气桥的作用力最小,并具有较强的克服压力影响、温度影响的能力.通过试验建立了空气桥附加刚度影响、内部压力影响、温度影响和内部流量影响的修正方法,进一步减小了空气桥对天平的影响.在8m×6m低速风洞进行了某大展弦比飞机全模涡扇动力模拟器(TPS)短舱动力模拟试验.试验结果重复性好,阻力系数精度达到0.0003,和相关文献吻合.这表明空气桥技术是成功的,满足了TPS短舱动力模拟试验要求.      

机载燃油惰化技术及标准研究

针对目前广泛应用于飞机燃油箱起火和爆炸防护的机载燃油惰化系统,详述了国外机载燃油惰化技术的发展历程,并介绍了国内发展现状,提出影响机载燃油惰化系统设计的关键因素。在此基础上,简述了国内外标准情况,提出了制定我国机载燃油惰化系统标准的建议。     

浅谈基于IPDT的民用飞机重量控制技术

在民机研制过程中,有效地实施重量控制对于项目的成功非常关键。飞机超重不仅会导致设计和运营成本的增加,也将无法实现既定的商载和航程等设计指标。从各部门与重量控制工作的联系出发,结合某型民用飞机的设计实践,介绍了产品联合研发团队(IPDT)模式下重量控制的工作内容、工作流程和常用的减重方法,为民机的重量控制工作提供借鉴和参考。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

接触特性对非连续性转子热致振动的影响

针对燃气轮机转子的非连续性结构间存在的接触特性,根据微凸体理论引入接触刚度和接触热阻的等效模型,建立了某型燃气轮机非连续性转子的动力学模型,分析了接触参数对转子稳、瞬态动力学特性的影响,研究了螺栓松动引起的转子热变形及其对转子快速启动过程中振动特性的影响.结果表明:预紧力、接触面的表面粗糙度和螺栓个数对转子临界转速有一定的影响,螺栓松动导致转子在启动过程中瞬态热变形最大达到7μm,过1阶临界转速时引起的转子最大响应幅值增大约30μm.在非连续性转子系统的热致振动特性分析当中,不应忽视接触参数、接触刚度和接触热阻的影响.      

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

旋转机翼悬停气动特性研究

鸭式旋转机翼(CRW)是一种先进的高速直升机方案,旋翼同时也是机翼,是其最关键气动部件之一。采用结构分区拼接网格技术进行空间离散,分区建立参考系,通过求解多重参考系下的N-S方程来计算旋翼流场,首先以传统的Caradonna-Tung实验旋翼的亚、跨声速悬停流场分析为例验证该方法的可靠性,进而采用该方法对旋转机翼悬停流场进行了数值计算,旋翼拉力计算值和地面实验值吻合较好,结果分析表明旋转机翼的悬停流场有着不同于传统旋翼的流场特性。