基于二级优化技术的襟翼导轨设计方法研究及应用

结构质量对飞机的各项性能具有至关重要的影响,为了有效降低飞机结构质量,合理布置材料,提高材料的利用效率,发展一种二级优化设计技术.以外襟翼平面导轨结构为研究对象,将优化设计问题分解成两个易于求解的子问题——顶层优化设计和底层优化设计,顶层优化设计采用拓扑方法确定腹板的加筋形式,底层优化设计采用尺寸优化确定襟翼导轨的厚度分布;通过两层优化,在结构质量最小化的基础上,使得结构形式最优化.结果表明:在保证应力和位移水平的前提下,二级优化设计技术可以快速有效地减轻结构质量,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

Investigation of national policy shifts to impact orbital debris environments

Low earth orbit has become increasingly congested as the satellite population has grown over the past few decades, making orbital debris a major concern for the operational stability of space assets. This congestion was highlighted by the collision of the Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 satellites in 2009. This paper addresses the current state of orbital debris regulation in the United States and asks what might be done through policy change to mitigate risks in the orbital debris environment. A brief discussion of the nature of orbital debris addresses the major contributing factors including size classes, locations of population concentrations, projected satellite populations, and current challenges presented in using post-mission active debris removal to mitigate orbital debris. An overview of the current orbital debris regulatory structure of the United States reveals the fragmented nature of having six regulating bodies providing varying levels of oversight to their markets. A closer look into the regulatory policy of these agencies shows that, while they all take direction from The U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, this policy is a guideline with no real penalty for non-compliance. Various policy solutions to the orbital debris problem are presented, ranging from a business as usual approach to a consolidated regulation system which would encourage spacecraft operator compliance. The positive aspects of these options are presented as themes that would comprise an effective policy shift towards successful LEO conservation. Potential economic and physical limitations to this policy approach are also addressed.     

Hall MHD reconnection with an initial guide field By0

An uniform out-of-plane magnetic field component B_y0 is added to the equilibrium Harris sheet with plasma β = 0.5 and L_c = 0.5d_i (where L_c is the half-width of the equilibrium current layer and d_i is the ion inertial length). Driven by the continuous boundary inflows, the magnetic reconnections with the guide field B_y0/B₀ ranging from 0 to 4.0 are investigated using a 2.5D Hall magnetohydro-dynamic (MHD) code developed from a multi-step implicit scheme. The features of the reconnection field are substantially altered in the presence of the guide field. The openness of the magnetic separatrix angle is slightly reduced and the anti-symmetric quadrupolar structure of B_y field and the symmetric distribution of plasma pressure P are replaced by an asymmetric B_y four-wing structure and an asymmetric P plot as a non-zero B_y0 is added. The decoupling of electrons and ions also occurs near the X line in the case with a finite B_y0, but the effect of initial B_y0 on the electron flow is greater than that on the ion flow. The reconnection rates at the X-line drops from 0.151 to 0.06, namely, ∂A/∂t is reduced by a factor of 2.5 as B_y0/B₀ increases from 0 to 4.0. The reduction of reconnection rate might be related to the reducing openness of reconnection layer with the increasing B_y0.     

片梭织机导梭齿检验量规的设计

根据导梭齿与片梭间的工作原理，成功地设计出了导梭齿检验量规。本文介绍了检验量规的设计方法。     

民用飞机25.831d排烟适航条款和咨询通告研究

民用飞机的排烟能力直接影响到座舱出现烟雾情况下的飞行安全,对CCAR 25.831(d)条款和对应的咨询通告25-9A进行研究,为民用飞机座舱排烟的设计和适航验证提供支持。     

基于共享最近邻的专利自动分类技术研究

专利文献是一种具有法律效力的科技文献,其内容覆盖了几乎所有的技术领域的最新、最活跃的创新技术信息,因此对专利文献的分类和组织在专利管理中有着重要意义。本文通过对现有的专利自动分类技术的归纳和分析,融合BM25相似度计算方法和样本邻域信息提出一种基于共享最近邻的KNN专利自动分类方法。本方法的有效性在NTCIR-8专利分类评测任务中得到充分验证。     

运输类飞机起落架地面操纵载荷计算

为了使运输类飞机起落架的设计更好地满足适航规范的要求,介绍一种针对CCAR25部规范要求的计算起落架地面操纵载荷的流程,并提出根据轮胎、缓冲支柱压缩状态计算起落架基本尺寸数据和飞机姿态的旋转"虚拟接地点"方法。通过上述流程能够计算得到起落架地面操纵载荷结果,包括飞机在某种地面操纵工况下的姿态、地面坐标系和飞机坐标系下的地面操纵载荷以及起落架基本尺寸数据。通过对转弯地面载荷工况的计算与分析,表明计算流程和旋转"虚拟接地点"方法是准确可靠的且能较好地满足CCAR25部规范要求。     

国外运输类飞机最新结冰适航规章差异初步研究与分析

总结了FAR 25部与CS 25部最新结冰相关的规章条例。因为引入过冷大水滴条件和混合相与冰晶结冰条件,FAA与EASA在其适用性方面产生了差异,导致了两者条款规定的不同要求,所以将FAR 25部与CS 25部运输类飞机结冰相关的适航规章进行了比较。根据两部结冰适航规章,具体阐述和分析规章中存在的差异性。总结出CS25部更为严格,限制的范围也更大。同时也对过冷大水滴结冰条件规章作了分析。这对国内适航规章的研究和未来取得FAA和EASA对我国运输类飞机设计批准有着重要的参考作用。     

双组元25N推力器脉冲工作模式下的传热特性分析及改进

在离心式双组元25N推力器的脉冲工况温度稳定性试验中,有16%的工况均发生了推力器稳态温度跃迁导致的喷注器头部高温过热的问题。本研究针对该问题开展了深入的机理分析,并通过优化推力器局部传热特性以消除其对于特殊脉冲工况的应用限制和风险。通过液滴撞壁试验,分析了不同条件下推进剂液膜发展的规律和机理:一旦壁面温度达到了莱登弗斯特温度以后,液滴与壁面的换热能力将大幅下降,严重影响液膜冷却的效率。通过Amesim软件进行的传热仿真进一步表明,一旦因为热回浸现象导致雾化液滴与涂层壁面的作用机制发生变化,进而影响冷却液膜的形成,就会使推力器的温度分布从正常的第一稳态进入无液膜的第二高温稳态。仿真结果基本复现了热稳定性试验中出现的故障模式。针对该故障机理改进了喷注器的结构导热性,将喷注器的花篮连接结构的导热面积增加了1.5倍,可以有效分担液膜的热流负担,抑制液膜进入莱登弗斯特态,使得推力器的脉冲工作可靠性大幅提高,令温度稳定性试验的通过率提升至100%。     

航空发动机压气机导流叶片调节器切换特性

为了提高飞行可靠性,航空发动机导流叶片调节器采用数字电子控制为主控方式,并辅以液压机械备份控制器。为此对数字电子控制器的切换特性进行了研究。对所设计的导叶调节器切换过程进行动静态仿真,结果表明:数字电子控制器出现故障后,采用切断电子控制通道的处置方式可以满足系统对切换过程平稳和安全的要求,且系统切换至液压机械备份控制器后,各项技术指标可以满足航空发动机对该导流叶片调节器的要求。