空间交会中拉格朗日乘子法的工程应用

为解决工程中直接使用基于C-W方程的双脉冲法和拉格朗日乘子法时远距离导引精度低,以及分段导引过程复杂和可靠性降低等问题,设计了一种新的冲量计算方法。基于原方法适时引入当前状态和误差信息,继承了拉格朗日法运算简单的优点,并将原开环控制改为闭环控制。仿真结果表明,该法提高了导引精度,同时还充分利用多冲量法的特性实现了更大交会时间范围的燃料最优。     

一种强鲁棒变结构制导设计

传统制导拦截模型可用一组方程来描述,由于该方程是耦合的,对其进行制导律的设计时,往往假定导弹在瞄准线方向不可控,但这样必然产生较大的模型误差。文中将传统制导方程进行变换得到其状态空间形式,根据导弹和目标各自加速度沿瞄准线(LOS)方向及其垂直方向的分量之间的物理关系对状态方程降维,然后通过引入有界参数变量,得到含有控制不确定性和外部干扰的描述形式,进而按照不确定系统变结构控制原理设计了制导律。由于制导律设计时考虑了导弹法向加速度分量的相关性、不同状态对拦截模型不确定性影响和外部干扰,所以具有强鲁棒特性.仿真结果表明这种制导律在合理参数选取下其抗目标机动能力强、脱靶量小、过载要求低、无控制抖动问题。
     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的工具误差分离与折合

制导工具误差分离与折合是导弹精度评定中的重要问题,提出了利用支持向量机方法获得工具误差系数估计和进行弹道误差折合的新方法,由于支持向量机综合考虑了结构风险和经验风险,使得模型的泛化能力增强。仿真计算表明,与最小二乘和主成分方法相比,最小二乘支持向量机获得的误差系数估计与真值更加接近,折合得到的全程弹道遥外差更加准确。     

歼击轰炸机反舰作战中存在的问题及对策研究

为了进一步提高歼击轰炸机作战性能,对歼击轰炸机的发展历史及特性进行了分析,研究了反舰作战中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的协同作战方法和航路规划技术,在研究了协同作战体系结构的基础上,建立了基于MAS的协同作战决策模型,可进一步提高反舰作战能力。     

Optimal guidance based on receding horizon control for low-thrust transfer to libration point orbits

This paper addresses the design and computation of a guidance law for a transfer mission from an orbit near the Earth to a halo orbit around the libration point L₂ in the Sun–Earth system. The guidance law, which is designed based on receding horizon control and compensates for launch velocity errors that are introduced by inaccuracies of the launch vehicle, is solved using the generating function method. During the design of the closed-loop guidance law, the entire transfer mission, which is considered a nonlinear optimal control problem, is evaluated to obtain a nominal reference trajectory. Using the launch velocity errors and the uncertainty of the model, a spacecraft controlled by the proposed guidance law tracks the reference trajectory. Furthermore, the original Riccati differential equation in the receding horizon control algorithm is replaced by an equivalent convenient form of the Riccati differential equation that is based on the generating function. The high-efficiency solution of the equivalent equation avoids the online direct integration of the original Riccati differential equation, which significantly increases the computational efficiency for the receding horizon control problem. Numerical simulations using a nonlinear bicircular four-body model demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed receding horizon guidance law for the transfer mission. In addition, the generating function method improves the computational efficiency by at least one order of magnitude over the backward sweep method in solving the receding horizon control problem.     

Collaborative Navigation in an Unfamiliar Environment with People Having Different Spatial Aptitudes

This study addressed the issue of collaborative navigation by examining the types of information communicated in the processes of direction giving and receiving between people who guided each other simultaneously to a destination over the cell phone in a novel environment. When paired with a partner whose sense of direction differed greatly from their own, people found the collaboration difficult and took a longer time to verbally direct the partner to the destination. Landmarks that people used in giving navigational instructions differed depending on sense of direction. People with a good sense of direction adjusted route directions to their partners' wayfinding ability. Results from a detailed qualitative analysis of participants' verbal protocols and implications for personalized navigation tools are discussed.     

Variable Granularity in Route Directions

Abstract

This paper addresses changes of spatial granularity in route directions in relation to information needs in multimodal traveling. We outline a model of variability in granularity and apply this model to empirical data. Results reveal that linguistic route directions produced by humans as well as automatically generated web-based services provide the most crucial route elements in hierarchically structured ways that reflect the salient structure imposed by multimodal traveling. However, although the web-based information is impressively comprehensive, human route directions exhibit more flexibility regarding switches of place-related granularity, and they provide more detailed information at complex locations or decision points.     

Is Route Learning More Than Serial Learning?

Abstract

The nature of route learning in terms of the memorizing of landmarks was investigated. In Experiment 1, participants memorized landmarks while being guided through a computer-simulated hallway (dynamic, with spatial context), or while viewing the landmarks one by one in front of a black background (static, without context). Two more conditions completed the 2 × 2 design. One condition preserved the dynamic landmark viewing properties (observers approached each object, passed it, turned to the next object, and so on), but the background was black (dynamic, without context). In the other condition the observer saw a stationary display of each object within a hallway, but did not approach the object (static, with context). Serial recall was much better after viewing the landmarks in the dynamic presentation format with spatial context than in the other conditions. Experiment 2 showed that the superior performance in the dynamic condition with context was abolished when all hallway segments were equally long. This implies that metric information is a component of route knowledge at a very early stage, which is incompatible with the dominant framework, but is compatible with the alternative framework for spatial microgenesis.     

Stability analysis of explicit guidance laws for space launch vehicles with varying thrust integrals

In this study, a stability analysis of the explicit guidance laws for space launch vehicles is performed with consideration of varying thrust integrals. Among various forms of explicit guidance, linear tangent guidance in its general form is selected and six different acceleration profiles are considered for this numerical experiment. A linear system modeling which includes all of the significant dynamic elements of a space launcher is performed to analyze the effect of the characteristics of thrust integrals on stability margins. Numerical results show that in an aspect of guidance stability, it is advantageous to have thrust integrals derived from increasing acceleration profiles, such as constant thrust case, which may be considered in the development of propulsion systems. Finally, time-domain simulation with the original nonlinear models is performed to verify the approach and the result shows that the nonlinear dynamics of the system is conserved well in the linear model.     

基于飞行需求的航路动态管理

针对空域与飞行需求日益突出的矛盾,以及目前空域管理运行模式难以满足持续增长的飞行需求,提出了一个航路动态调整模型.模型在考虑空管的实施情况、空中交通流量情况和天气情况相关的条件下,对航路进行动态调整,动态的开放和使用临时航路,优化航路区域容量从而减轻航班延误.然后利用动态规划及整数规划方法相结合,求解模型得出航路动态调整的最优方案.最后利用典型空域进行了验证,结果表明所建立的模型能够大大减少航班延迟成本与航路管理成本,优化空中交通的顺畅运行.