基于改进A~*算法的进离场航线网络3D规划

为提高终端空域航线设计的自动化水平,对进离场航线进行了研究。针对独立航线规划,提出角度扩展航路点搜索方法,提高算法运行效率。选取水平剖面经济性最优为目标函数,垂直剖面满足最优爬升/下降剖面,实现3D航线网络规划。实例结果表明,在保证航线安全性、经济性的同时,算法运行稳定,效率明显提高。     

新型防空导弹制导控制系统展望

本文从防空导弹面临的新挑战出发,对新型防空导弹制导控制系统的技术发展进行了展望。提出了15项应该发展的制导控制技术以期引起读者的兴趣。     

天线罩误差下基于ADP的机动目标拦截制导策略

针对导弹导引头存在的天线罩误差,提出了一种基于自适应动态规划(ADP)的制导策略。不同于传统处理天线罩误差的估计与补偿方式,避免了估计过程中产生的误差影响。在导弹拦截机动目标的场景下,将拦截问题转化为鲁棒最优控制问题。设计了一种既可以消除天线罩误差和目标机动影响,又可以保证控制能量最小的代价函数。通过构造评价网络,利用自适应动态规划来求解近似鲁棒最优制导策略,并附加鲁棒控制项得到最终的机动目标拦截制导策略。采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了权值误差的一致最终有界和闭环系统的渐近稳定。仿真结果验证了所提出制导策略对天线罩误差下拦截机动目标的有效性。     

Planetary landings with terrain sensing and hazard avoidance: A review

The site selection and certification processes for planetary landers equipped with hazard avoidance capability are reviewed. The prior (large-scale) ‘landability’ of the target areas determined from orbital remote sensing can be only a few tens of per cent (～40 % for Perseverance, ～80–90 % for Apollo 11 and 60–70 % for subsequent Apollo landers) because on-board sensing is able to find safe areas at smaller scales (meters to tens of meters) than the delivery ellipse which may be several to several tens of kilometers across. This contrasts with the ‘blind’ landings of unguided missions, where safe terrain occupying 95–99 % of the landing ellipse are typically sought. The particulars of Apollo 11 and Perseverance/Ingenuity are discussed, together with the similar Chang-E-3 and Tianwen-1 Moon and Mars landers, and the Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx asteroid contacts, since these missions all used on-board terrain-relative navigation to steer relative to hazards either mapped previously or detected in real-time. These missions set the context for the application of these techniques to the Dragonfly mission to Titan, which has a more austere remote sensing basis on which to select a landing site, but whose rotor propulsion allows substantial divert capability.     

便携式多用途导弹方案设想

提出了一种便携式多用途导弹方案的设想。根据确定的设计理念,给出了刚性（捷联）制导系统中的目标探测装置、控制系统,引战系统中的引信、战斗部,以及电源系统和动力系统。讨论了制导舱、引战舱、动力舱等各舱段以及部位安排。介绍了导弹气动外形、战技指标、作战过程和关键技术。     

航路网络交叉点布局规划的差分进化算法

航路交叉点布局问题（CrossingWaypointLocationProblem,CWLP）是航路网络设计的决定性问题,CWLP模型具有不可导、不可微等特性,因此不能用传统的算法对其进行处理。差分进化算法能够较好地解决航路汇聚点布局问题,在处理模型约束条件时,综合考虑各交叉点冲突约束违反程度和所有交叉点冲突数之和,将前者作为个体优劣的判断标准之一,后者转化成个体适应度,即个体的另一目标函数,求解过程中选用了动态的标准差分进化机制以确保算法的收敛性。将算法应用到北京飞行情报区航路网规划模型中,验证了算法的有效性。     

Guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints

A novel closed-form guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints is pro- posed for salvo attack of anti-ship missiles, which employs missile’s normal acceleration (not jerk) as the control command directly. Firstly, the impact time control problem is formulated as tracking the designated time-to-go (the difference between the designated impact time and the current flight time) for the actual time-to-go of missile, and the impact angle control problem is formulated as tracking the designated heading angle for the actual heading angle of missile. Secondly, a biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law with designated heading angle constraint is constructed, and the actual time-to-go estimation for this BPNG is derived analytically by solving the system differential equations. Thirdly, by adding a feedback control to this constructed BPNG to eliminate the time-to-go errorthe difference between the standard time-to-go and the actual time-to-go, a guidance law with adjustable coefficients to control the impact time and impact angle simultaneously is developed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

一种带落角约束的精确导引方法(英文)

为了解决落角控制问题,本文提出了一种新的导引规律。它在零化脱靶量的同时可以达到任何期望的落角。该导引律不需要弹目距离信息和估计飞行剩余时间,并且在理想条件下,对非机动目标可实现完美拦截(零脱靶量和零落角误差)。此外,该导引律可使加速度指令在拦截目标前收敛到零,这有利于加大弹头的侵彻深度。通过与参考文献中两种导引律的仿真对比,表明了本文提出的导引律在落角控制方面的优越性能。     

一种基于有限时间理论的抗饱和制导律设计方法

针对制导过程中一些状态可能进入饱和进而影响系统性能的问题,结合制导系统的特点,在有限时间理论框架下提出一种抗饱和制导律设计方法。首先以矩阵不等式的形式给出了保证有限时间有界且有限时间输入输出稳定的充分条件;而后在此基础上研究了基于有限时间理论的抗饱和制导律设计方法。此方法利用事先给定的有限时间区间和加权矩阵函数刻画系统的动态品质需求,同时能在理论上严格保证系统状态有界,仿真结果也表明在此方法设计的控制器作用下,系统能在有限时间内使视线角速率趋近于零,同时加速度亦不超过物理限制。     

航天器规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导

针对航天器近距离操作中的动态障碍物规避问题,研究了一种燃料较省、精度较高的规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导方法。首先,对于引入高斯函数形式斥力势会使势函数在收敛点处的值不为零的情况,对斥力势乘以修正项,使得在收敛点的势能为零,消除了平衡点的偏离;在规避静态障碍物的基础上,研究了规避动态障碍物的人工势函数制导。其次,根据速度与引力梯度之间的关系,设计负反馈,使引力势梯度“适应”速度的变化,研究了规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导。最后,采用精确的数学模型进行数值仿真,验证所设计的制导律的正确性和有效性,并与传统的人工势函数制导对比。仿真结果表明：采用修正势函数提高了收敛精度;自适应人工势函数制导控制脉冲作用施加更加合理,相比人工势函数而言,总速度脉冲消耗可节省30%,精度提高两个数量级。