Reminiscences of cosmic ray research in Mexico

Cosmic ray research in Mexico dates from the early 1930s with the work of the pioneering physicist, Manuel Sandoval Vallarta and his students from Mexico. Several experiments of international significance were carried out during that period in Mexico: they dealt with the geomagnetic latitude effect, the north–south and west–east asymmetry of cosmic ray intensity, and the sign of the charge of cosmic rays. The international cosmic ray community has met twice in Mexico for the International Cosmic Ray Conferences (ICRC): the fourth was held in Guanajuato in 1955, and the 30th took place in Mérida, in 2007. In addition, an international meeting on the Pierre Auger Collaboration was held in Morelia in 1999, and the International Workshop on Observing UHE Cosmic Rays took place in Metepec in 2000. A wide range of research topics has been developed, from low-energy Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) to the UHE. Instrumentation has evolved since the early 1950s, from a Simpson type neutron monitor installed in Mexico City (2300 m asl) to a solar neutron telescope and an EAS Cherenkov array, (within the framework of the Auger International Collaboration), both at present operating on Mt. Sierra La Negra in the state of Puebla (4580 m asl). Research collaboration has been undertaken with many countries; in particular, the long-term collaboration with Russian scientists has been very fruitful.     

基于模型的系统工程在航天器研制中的研究与实践

针对基于文档的传统航天器研制模式,存在着信息表示不准确、信息查找/更改困难等不足,指出基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)是解决这些问题的有效途径。根据MBSE的定义,分析其内涵;在继承国外实践成果的基础上,在航天器研制过程中进一步创新MBSE的理论,并应用MBSE理论指导航天器研制,以推动系统工程理论和实践的发展。     

一种基于层簇式的卫星网络组密钥管理方案

针对卫星网络中组密钥管理过程面临的诸多挑战,提出一种基于层簇式的卫星网络组密钥管理方案LCGKM。结合卫星网络的多层次结构特点,建立了层簇式组密钥协商网络模型,将高轨道卫星作为组密钥协商发起节点,组成员通过三叉密钥树自主计算出组密钥,有效地减少了组密钥协商过程中的通信开销,增强了方案的灵活性、可扩展性。另外,在组密钥协商过程中,利用双线性对和身份认证技术,确保组成员能够对接受的组密钥信息进行验证,进一步增强了方案的安全性。性能分析表明：方案在满足更高安全需求的基础上,具备通信效率高、计算量小等优点,适用于具有大规模组播需求的卫星网络。     

对相位编码体制雷达的导前假目标干扰

基于间歇采样收发干扰体制,针对采用相位编码信号的雷达系统,提出了部分接收、预测转发,形成导前假目标群的新型干扰方法。在介绍间歇采样转发的基本原理后,分析了相位编码信号匹配滤波器的群延迟特性,从群延迟的角度分析了移频转发干扰和间歇采样转发干扰不能形成导前假目标的理论原因。在此基础上,针对相位编码M序列的编码特点,提出了一种基于间歇采样的预测转发干扰方法,并分析了对转发功率的要求。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法可以形成导前距离不同的假目标群,而且干扰功率要求低,是一种极具潜力的新型干扰方法。     

基于单频星载GPS数据的低轨卫星精密定轨

为满足搭载单频GPS接收机低轨卫星的精密定轨需求以及深化单频定轨研究,文中解决了单频星载GPS数据的周跳探测问题,并利用“海洋二号”（HY-2A）卫星及“资源三号”（ZY-3）卫星的单频星载GPS实测数据采用两种方法确定了二者的简化动力学轨道,并通过观测值残差分析、与双频精密轨道比较、激光测卫数据检核等方法对所得轨道精度进行评定。结果表明,在不考虑电离层延迟影响的情况下,HY-2A卫星定轨精度为2~3dm,ZY-3卫星为1m左右;而采用半和改正组合消除电离层延迟一阶项影响后,二者定轨精度均显著提高,HY-2A卫星三维精度提高至1dm左右,ZY-3卫星提高至1~2dm。文章的研究成果表明,搭载单频GPS接收机的低轨卫星也可获得厘米级的定轨精度。     

空间多机器人协同的多视线仅测角相对导航

研究了空间多机器人对非合作目标的多视线协同仅测角相对导航问题。为利用多视线信息融合提升仅测角相对导航性能,给出了一种可观测度优化的多视线仅测角相对导航方法。首先基于二阶CW方程构建了中心机器人与目标相对动力学模型和状态方程,并构建了仅包含多伴飞机器人视线角的观测方程,结合扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,形成多视线仅测角相对导航系统;然后分析推导得到可观度最优的视线间夹角条件,提出了兼顾可观测度和长期自然维持的多伴飞机器人观测构型优化方法;最后,数学仿真结果表明,提出的多视线仅测角相对导航系统、可观测度最优的视线夹角条件和观测构型优化方法,可以显著提高距离状态可观测度和估计性能,且具有较好的工程可用性。     

有人/无人机混合编队有限干预式协同决策

针对Leader-Follower异构型有人/无人机混合编队协同决策系统具有递阶分布式决策结构、决策信息分散以及通信约束等特点,在智能体模糊认知图(ABFCM)和动态模糊认知图(DFCM)的理论基础上,提出了一种有限干预式协同决策机制。通过构建层次化的Follower平台自主决策模型,实现了该平台与外部系统良好的交互能力,体现了自主决策的"动态性"。通过设计Leader平台的3种干预策略,满足了不同层次的决策需求,体现了干预过程的"有限性"。仿真结果表明:有限干预协同决策模型能够适应外部环境的动态变化,充分发挥Follower平台的自主决策能力;而不同层次的有限干预介入既减轻了Leader平台的控制负荷,又保证了决策的有效性和可行性,可为解决其他同类复杂系统的协同决策问题提供理论依据和方法参考。     

空间任务人机协同作业内涵及关键技术问题

论述了空间任务人机协同作业的内涵,指出其与其它人机关系相比具有平等性、独立性和协同性的特点;分析了国内外相关研究情况,得出目前人机协同作业研究大多集中在人机交互领域,缺乏对顶层的研究;指出需要重点关注的人机任务分配、人机安全控制和人机信息交互三个关键问题,并提出了我国开展空间任务人机协同作业的发展建议,如与遥操作技术的发展和应用紧密结合、充分注重在轨演示、应当先采用人主机辅的模式等。     

基于GPS的新型二级频标锁定系统

提出了一种基于GPS的新型二级频标锁定系统的设计方案。利用信号的时延稳定性和群相位差变化的规律性,产生一种基于长度游标的高精度时间间隔测量方法。将该方法应用于二级频标锁定系统中,通过对被测时间间隔进行多尺度卡尔曼滤波,在MCU控制下算出GPS与二级频标分频信号之间的相对频差;根据二级频标的频-压控制特性得到补偿电压,将该电压进行D/A转换后送到二级频标的压控端,调整输出频率,形成二级频标锁定系统。实验结果表明其锁定精度可达10 -12 /s 量级,与传统频标锁定系统相比具有电路简单,成本低廉,附加噪声小,锁定精度高等特点。
     

Simultaneous ISAR imaging of group targets flying in formation

This paper proposes a novel inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging method based on second-order keystone transform(KT) and Sandglass transform for group targets flying in a formation with constant accelerated rectilinear motion in the same radar beam. First, range curvature and range walk of each sub-target among group targets are corrected by the second-order KT combined with the quadratic phase term compensation. After range alignment, the signals in each range frequency cell can be modelled as multiple chirp signals and then the Sandglass transform is utilized to cross-range imaging, which transforms the time–frequency distribution of the signals in each range frequency cell into beelines parallel to the slow time axis simultaneously. Finally, cross-range profiles of group targets in each range frequency cell are obtained via a projection of the perk of every scatterer in the two-dimensional accumulation plane onto the frequency axis. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can align range profiles of each sub-target simultaneously and image cross-range profiles directly without separating the returned signals, which simplifies the operation procedure. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.