CCSDS航天器在轨接口业务标准化工作综述

介绍了CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)SOIS(航天器在轨接口业务领域)的各工作组工作现状以及开展的标准建议书情况,分析了已经完成的和正在开展的标准化工作,并研究了该领域的体系结构发展、无线通信标准以及即插即用标准的技术内容。     

基于Google Earth的协同飞行可视仿真

基于Google Earth API提供了一个协同飞行仿真系统.该系统利用Google Earth提供的真实卫星影像和三维地形信息,实现了面向互联网用户的飞机加载和动态飞行仿真;同时为了进行多机协同飞行,采用AJAX通信方案实现了多机位置姿态信息在多个客户端浏览器下的一致性更新,该方案简单有效.系统不但具有较强的真实感,而且具备全球三维场景,开发工作量小,可拓展性强.     

锥齿轮副误差测量成组夹具设计

本文重点讨论了锥齿轮副齿圈跳动误差、背锥及面锥相对零件中心线的位置误差、齿根余量误差和齿轮啮合中心距误差测量专用夹具解决的技术难点,提高锥齿轮副的误差检测的精度,为测量夹具提供思路。     

Study of values and interpersonal perception in cosmonauts on board of international space station

The increased heterogeneity of International Space Station (ISS) crews′ composition (in terms of nationality, profession and gender) together with stressful situations, due to space flight, can have a significant impact on group interaction and cohesion, as well as on communications with Mission Control Center (MCC) and the success of the mission as a whole. Culturally related differences in values, goals, and behavioral norms could influence mutual perception and, thus, cohesive group formation. The purpose of onboard “Interaction-Attitudes” experiment is to study the patterns of small group (space crew) behavior in extended space flight. Onboard studies were performed in the course of ISS Missions 19–30 with participation of twelve Russian crewmembers. Experimental schedule included 3 phases: preflight training and Baseline Data Collection; inflight activities once in two weeks; post-flight measurement. We used Personal Self-Perception and Attitudes (PSPA) software for analyzing subjects′ attitudes toward social environment (crewmembers and MCC). It is based on the semantic differential and the repertory grid technique. To study the content of interpersonal perception we used content-analysis with participation of the experts, independently attributing each construct to the 17 semantic categories, which were described in our previous study. The data obtained demonstrated that the system of values and personal attitudes in the majority of participated cosmonauts remained mostly stable under stress-factors of extended space flight. Content-analysis of the important criteria elaborated by the subjects for evaluation of their social environment, showed that the most valuable personal traits for cosmonauts were those that provided the successful fulfillment of professional activity (motivation, intellectual level, knowledge, and self-discipline) and good social relationships (sociability, friendship, and tolerance), as well. Post-flight study of changes in perceptions, related to Real Self-image, did not reveal significant differences between the images of Russian crew-members and representatives from foreign space agencies. A certain difference in perceptions was found in cosmonauts with more integrated system of evaluations: after space flight they perceived foreign participants as “closer” to their Ideal, while Russian crew-members were perceived mostly as “distant” from Ideal Self of these subjects. Perceptions of people from Earth were also more critical. These differences are likely to be manifestations of interpersonal perception stereotypes. Described patterns of changes in perceptions of cosmonauts, who have performed space flight as a part of ISS multinational crew, allow us to suggest the recommendations for development of ISS crew training, in particular, it seems useful to increase the time of joint training for deepening of intercultural interaction.     

运载火箭组装与测试远程协同信息平台技术

为适应未来高频度发射任务需求,在借鉴国内外远程协同及信息应用技术基础上,以中国运载火箭组装、测试及发射任务为背景,通过对功能需求和技术难点分析,设计了运载火箭组装与测试远程协同应用系统,对关键技术进行了分析和论述,为运载火箭远程测试、协同决策发射提供有效技术解决途径。     

Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.     

无人集群试验评估研究现状分析及理论方法

无人集群试验评估是促进无人集群技术从理论走向实践的重要桥梁。与传统的作战系统相比,无人集群系统具有自主协同、能力涌现、智能对抗等特点,这已大大超出传统作战系统试验评估的范畴。针对上述现实需求,本文旨在综述美国和中国在推进集群试验评估方面所进行的开创性工作的基础上,主要对无人集群试验评估的概念内涵、发展现状进行了讨论分析;结合课题组在航空集群作战领域的研究基础,探讨无人集群试验评估的主要内容和可行的技术路线,为军事装备的信息化升级和智能化转型奠定基础。     

群时延测试技术研究

群时延是描述信号相位失真的参数,群时延参数直接影响统一载波测控系统的跟踪测量、遥测、遥控、通信等功能,并对电视图像传输质量产生重大影响。本文论述了群时延的测试原理,并结合实际具体介绍了群时延测试方法在工程中的应用。     

基于 GAHP的海军军械装备安全建设指标赋权

为解决海军军械装备安全建设评估多依靠人为主观判断、无科学模型的问题,采用群体层次分析法(GroupAnalytic Hierarchy Process,GAHP)对海军军械装备安全建设的 5个一级指标和 19个二级指标进行分析。根据各指标相对于其隶属的上级指标或总目标的重要程度,科学合理地确定了装备安全建设指标权重值,构建了海军军械装备安全建设指标权重模型。通过装备安全建设评估实践证明,确定的装备安全建设指标权重模型能够有效反映部队军械装备安全建设的整体情况,提高了部队安全建设情况评估的科学性、准确性。