Estimation of ground range on the sweep frequency backscatter leading edge

The high frequency management system with backscatter radar supplies the real time ionosphere channel conditions to high frequency users, which leads to the demand for the ground range between the radar location and the scatters on the distant ground. The ionosphere electron density profile is usually inversed to obtain the ground range. An inversion algorithm, with which the ground range on the leading edge of the backscatter ionograms can be obtained without electron density, is presented in this paper. The ray path geometry of the backscatter sounding and the change in the group path on the leading edge with operating frequency are used to derive the ground range. Synthesized backscatter ionogram and experimental backscatter ionograms are processed to validate the algorithm. The results indicate that the algorithm is usable for high frequency management system.     

螺旋桨目标的雷达回波信号相位解缠技术

建立了螺旋桨的雷达回波信号模型。对模型回波信号的相位混叠效应进行了理论分析,讨论了回波相位混叠效应出现的原因,通过模型改进获得了螺旋桨的雷达回波相位的理论表达式。提出插值与可调门限相结合的算法和自适应数值积分算法两种相位解缠方法,分别用于桨叶数为偶数和奇数时的相位解缠。仿真结果表明:两种算法有较高的精度。     

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系.作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题.     

Satellite and ground detection of very dense smoke clouds produced on the islands of the Paraná river delta that affected a large region in Central Argentina

Intense fires were produced on the Paraná river delta islands, Argentina, during most part of 2008, by a combination of an exceptionally dry period and the farmers’ use of a fire land-cleaning technique. In April 2008, those fires significantly affected the nearby regions and their inhabitants, from Rosario city to Buenos Aires mega-city. In this work we present satellite as well as ground Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm data obtained during the propagation of pollution clouds to the central zone of Argentina. The highest value (1.18) was registered at Buenos Aires by atmospheric remote sensing, using the satellite instrument MODIS/Terra on April 18th 2008 at 10:35 local time (= UT − 3 h). On the same day, ground air quality detectors also measured in this city the highest Total Suspended Particle (TSP) value of the month, 2.02 mg/m³. The AOD(550) daily variation at Rosario Astronomical Observatory, which is located near the Paraná riverside, was derived by combining solar ultraviolet erythemal irradiance data (measured with a YES biometre) with model calculations. On April 25th 2008, from 12:00 to 15:30 local time, a rather high and constant AOD(550) value was registered, with a mean value of (0.90 ± 0.21). Cities located on the side of the Rosario–Buenos Aires highway (San Nicolás, Baradero and San Pedro) were also affected, showing a mean AOD(550) between the Rosario and Buenos Aires values. The particulate matter was collected with gridded samplers placed on the Paraná river islands as well as at the Rosario Observatory. They were analysed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mainly showed a biological origin. Even if normally large particles travel small distances from the source, organic aerosol in the range of 40–100 μm and complex asymmetric structures were registered several kilometres away from the aerosol sources on the islands. Another event of intense UV index attenuation (98.6%) occurred on September 18th 2008, due to very dense smoke clouds that extended over the Rosario area for several hours. The clouds were driven away from the fires by East–northeast and East–southeast winds. The minimum value of this index measured around noon allows to derive a maximum AOD(550)_max = (3.65 ± 0.90) at 12:45 local time. Soot clouds extended over the Paraná river, transporting Burned Biomass Debris (BBD) that deposited on Rosario. In particular, burned leaves and small branches with dimensions of 1–20 cm were collected. The mean (BBD) particles deposited on the ground from 7:00 to 19:00 local time were (0.92 ± 0.20) BBD/(m² h).     

小不对称物体配平性能风洞实验研究

用阶跃响应法,在风洞中测量小不对称物体配平性能的实验原理、实验装置、数据处理及部分实验结果。 模型支承于空气静压轴承。在模型内部设有电磁机构,在一次吹风中,可以阶跃方式多次提供不对称量。由高精度、非接触的感应同步器数字测量模型俯仰角变化历程。用修正Newton-Raphson法处理数据,求出小不对称量引起的配平角δ_o、俯仰力矩C_mo和气动刚度C_ma、气动阻尼C_mq等参数。 对11°斜切锥,钝度比分别为0.06及0.16的模型进行了风洞实验。实验M数为33.5和4。实验结果表明,所采用的实验原理、设备及方法可提供较好的精度及分辨率。实验还求出了配平性能(δ_o,C_mo)以及C_ma,C_mq随M数的变化。     

弹道跟踪数据野值剔除方法性能分析

弹道跟踪数据中的野值会影响导弹目标定位精度。对用于弹道跟踪数据的野值剔除方法进行了综述。结合事后和实时两大类处理模式,分析了各野值剔除方法在理论和工程应用上的优缺点,给出了实际应用时的限制因素,建立了野值判决准则和相应的野值剔除实现步骤。仿真结果表明:野值剔除方法可以有效提高弹道跟踪数据的精度。事后处理模式中,基于格拉布斯准则的野值剔除效果最佳;实时处理模式中,基于自适应门限的五点线性预报法野值剔除效果相对较好,且时间复杂度相对较低,适合实时处理。     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

基于面板数据模型的中西部地区加工贸易升级研究

我国经济高速发展,劳动力、土地等要素随之发生转变,加工贸易从东部地区向中西部地区转移,中西部地区加工贸易急需升级以适应发展。利用2001-2011年中西部地区部分省份的面板数据建立计量模型,通过检验对混合估计模型、固定效应模型和随机效应模型进行选择,并对选定模型的估计结果进行具体分析,提出中西部地区加工贸易升级的对策及建议。     

民用飞机通用地面支援设备选型程序浅析

为了满足航空公司/维修单位高效率、低成本的要求,在飞机的设计过程中,尽量减少专用地面支援设备的种类,以通用地面支援设备取代,成为了飞机主制造商及其供应商共同努力的目标,也成为了一种发展趋势。因此,在飞机运营及维护、维修过程中,通用地面支援设备的选型及程序显得越来越重要。     

民航安全经济学研究的基本架构和意义

从一般经济学的投入、成本和效益的基本思路进行探讨，阐述了民航安全经济学研究的基本内容、研究方法，指出了民航安全经济学的基本特点，分析了研究民航安全经济学的意义与价值，勾勒了民航安全经济学研究的基本框架。