考虑地面影响的半空间气动噪声数值计算方法

含非紧致边界的半空间气动噪声问题普遍存在于航空领域,在数值计算过程中不仅要考虑非紧致边界的散射效应,还需要考虑地面对声波的反射。基于Lighthill声模拟理论和广义格林函数方法,引入边界声压积分项和可压缩修正项可以考虑非紧致边界以及流体可压缩性对声波散射的影响。然而在半空间声场的计算过程中,包含沿无限大地面的积分项,为了克服沿地面积分所带来的巨大工作量,根据无穷大平板对声波的反射特性,推导得出频域下基于半空间格林函数的声学积分方程。同时开展了半空间中应力源噪声与圆柱绕流噪声的数值预测与分析,验证了该方法的准确性与高效性。     

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft: Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft. The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency, with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions. The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies, mainly involving weight penalties, overconsumption of electrical power, and safety issues. The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches, ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations. In this work, the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap, tailored for large civil aircraft applications, are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing, as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise. An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology; the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests. A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements. The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed, and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions. Finally, the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented, with emphasis on the architectural strengths, enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.     

中国卫星电视教育的崛起和发展趋势

对中国开展广播电视教育的历史进行了回顾,较详细的叙述了卫星电视教育的崛起。在总结经验的基础上,又突出论述了今后要努力提高效益和精心制作电视教育节目两个关键性问题。文中根据资料引入了大量数据佐证文章的论点。     

高等教育实施清洁生产的初步探讨

将清洁生产的理论与方法导入高等教育业,探讨高等教育清洁生产的意义、内容与途径.在高等教育业大力推广清洁生产,开展节能、降耗、控污、治污等环境保护活动,是实现高等教育业可持续发展的重要途径.     

基于ICAO标准的陆空通话教学模式改革研究

2004年,国际民航组织出台了成员国航空运输人员英语熟练度要求,并制定了相关考核和培训标准,这对于我国飞行员和管制员职业化的英语通话教学提出了新的要求。本文分析了该标准与以往所执行相关标准的区别,并根据新的要求对养成学生职业能力培养阶段陆空通话课程教学模式改革提出了目标和方法。笔者还进行了改革实践,对效果进行了评估分析。本文也为我国民航人才的陆空通话能力培养提出了相关建议。     

HAN基无毒单元发动机常温启动技术研究

与目前采用的肼类推进剂相比,硝酸羟胺(简称HAN)基推进剂具有无毒无污染的特点,可以简化地面操作,减小爆炸的风险和对工作人员的伤害,能极大节约发射和使用维护的成本。然而,HAN基推进剂催化分解速率比肼类推进剂慢得多,因此HAN发动机催化床预热温度越低,可靠工作越困难。对HAN基单元发动机的常温启动技术进行了研究,并对发动机常温启动和120℃启动热试车试验进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:HAN发动机可实现常温启动,但HAN基单元发动机在120℃条件下启动比常温条件下启动更快,工作寿命长;对于常温启动的试验程序,采用脉冲工作时间较短且间隔时间较长的方案,发动机启动更快,工作寿命也更长。     

全面素质教育的哲学思考

重视素质教育，既符合人才成长和培养的内在规律，又符合目前我国教育现状和经济化发展对人才素质的需要。从马克思主义哲学的多个原理角度阐述了素质教育的必要性和方法论。     

飞行器亚、超音速气动载荷数值计算

应用Greem函数法数值模拟飞行器的气动载荷。给出了求解亚、超音速定常和非定常载荷的统一方法。数值模拟中釆用双曲四边形代替四边形元素;采用联合流场概念改进诱阻计算;并用计算机绘图原理核查输入的几何参数是否正确。以矩形翼及双三角翼航天飞机(089B模型)为例进行了数值模拟,结果与试验数据符合较好。     

我国技术工人短缺的现状与原因分析

技术工人是我国人力资源的重要组成部分，我国要成为全球高尖端产品加工基地，需要大量的高素质技工，所以未来我国对技工的需求越来越迫切。通过论述我国技工短缺现状并对成因进行深层次的分析后，提出了提高技工福利待遇、健全技工等级评定制度和激励机制、加大职工教育投资和培训力度的解决对策。