Carbon nanotube protected composite laminate subjected to lightning strike: Interlaminar film distribution investigation

A kind of interlaminar film with carbon nanotubes inserted into polyether ketone with cardo was used for lightning strike protection of composite laminates. The distribution of the interlaminar film was investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Artificial lightning strike tests were conducted for 12-film carbon nanotube and traditional surface silver coating protected specimens. Then corresponding finite element models (FEMs) were established to analyze the lightning strike effect and validated by the experimental results. Based on the FEMs, the number, distribution and thickness of interlaminar film were investigated in order to obtain equivalent protection effect with the traditional surface silver coating. The results show that only the first two layers were damaged for the surface silver coating protected specimen, while 5 layers were ablated for the 12-film protected specimen. Lightning strike damage area of the laminate protected with 5-film carbon nanotube is almost the same as that of the laminate protected with 12-film carbon nanotube. Compared with traditional surface silver coating protection, one film protection with thickness of 360 μm can make the laminate to obtain equivalent damage depth, 54.8% smaller damage area and 58% less additional weight. And reparability of the laminate is better than that of the laminate protected with 5 interlaminar films.     

微阴极电弧推力器放电寿命特性研究

微阴极电弧推力器(micro-cathode arc thruster,μCAT)在微纳卫星空间任务中有良好的应用前景,但寿命问题是目前制约其发展的重要因素.研制了自动数据采集系统,进行了不同放电频率下全寿命试验,观察分析了失效后阴极材料及导电薄膜的形貌变化.研究结果表明:推力器工作初期,放电特性为不稳定阶段,该阶段在...     

镍基单晶冷却叶片高温持久性的理论与试验研究

采用含有0~4排气膜孔的薄壁平板试样模拟镍基单晶冷却叶片,研究了气膜孔排布对镍基单晶冷却叶片高温持久性的影响,并基于晶体塑性理论建立单晶材料蠕变数值计算模型,将其编入Abaqus用户子程序中,对不同气膜孔排布的薄壁平板试件进行有限元分析。试验结果表明,在气膜孔数相同的情况下,随着气膜孔排数的逐渐增多,冷却叶片高温持久寿命不断降低,且下降趋势逐渐加剧。文中提出了基于有限元数据的高温持久寿命预测幂函数模型,在对应孔排布、应力、温度条件下,其相对误差均小于3%,有限元分析得到的应力场分布结果与试样的断口形貌相吻合。     

部件冷却对二元俯仰矢量排气系统红外特征抑制实验

实验测试了采用中心锥气膜冷却和喷管冲击-气膜冷却的二元俯仰（2D-CD）矢量排气系统,在几何偏转0,10,20°三种角度下,壁面温度和红外辐射特征分布,并与未冷却状态进行了对比分析。结果表明:前密后疏的气膜孔排布形式可有效减小热侧面高温区域大小。中心锥冷却时,密流比为0.8条件下壁面冷却效率达45%~63%,排气系统尾向±10°范围内红外辐射强度下降20%;但是由于冷气流注入,导致下游壁面（隔热屏、喷管）温度升高,在30°探测方向上红外辐射强度上升15%。喷管冷却时,收敛段（密流比为0.25）冷却效率达19%~33%,扩张段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达75.5%~83.5%,侧壁段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达78%~90%,导致在排气系统尾向15°~75°范围内,红外辐射强度下降30%以上,最大降幅达80%（几何偏转20°,宽边探测面30°探测方向）。      

各向异性复合材料平板气膜冷却特性实验和数值研究

针对不同编织方式形成的复合材料平板气膜冷却开展了实验研究,利用红外热像仪测量了热侧壁面的温度场分布,分析了平板导热系数、吹风比、主流温度等参数对综合冷却效率的影响。在实验验证的基础上,进一步对单向增韧特点的复合材料进行数值模拟,分析了X、Y、Z三个方向导热系数对单孔气膜冷却壁面温度场分布和综合冷却效率的影响。结果表明:随着吹风比的升高,气膜综合冷却效率升高;随着主流温度的升高,气膜冷却效率降低;25D编织复合材料冷却效率最高,3D编织复合材料冷却效率最低。各向异性复合材料内部的温度梯度、传热量都与材料的导热系数特征有关,X方向和Z方向的导热系数增大,沿程综合冷却效率升高;而Y方向导热系数的增大对气膜冷却效率几乎没有影响。      

气膜孔位置对突肩叶尖气膜冷却效率的影响

采用标准k-ε两方程模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组,研究了气膜孔位置对突肩叶尖间隙泄漏流场、气膜冷却效率和表面传热系数的影响,共模拟了3种气膜孔排布方式:中弧线气膜孔、吸力侧气膜孔、前缘气膜孔,考虑了间隙高度（t）和吹风比（M）的影响。研究结果表明:在冷气流量相同的情况下气膜孔位置对突肩叶尖气膜冷却效率影响很大,中弧线气膜冷却突肩叶尖在中弧线到压力侧突肩区域有较好的气膜覆盖;吸力侧气膜冷却突肩叶尖在中弦处的吸力侧突肩到中弧线区域和尾缘区域有较好的气膜覆盖;前缘气膜孔突肩叶尖在整个叶尖表面都有较好的气膜覆盖。间隙高度对不同突肩叶尖的影响不同。吹风比增大时前缘气膜孔突肩叶尖的气膜冷却效率增幅远大于其余两种排布方式。      

离散孔结构超声速气膜冷却数值模拟

为了得到气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率的影响规律,并为工程应用提供参考,针对不同形状气膜入口结构的离散孔超声速气膜冷却展开了三维数值模拟。结果表明:气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率影响明显,轴对称孔入口收敛段结构的流量系数直接影响冷却效果,计算工况下流量系数降低013下游冷却效率约降低005,应该防止收敛段剧烈收缩;同时,离散孔扩张段面积变化速率越小越有利于冷却,变化过快会使得冷却剂得不到充分发展,垂直主流方向的速度分量大,使得气膜往两侧流动而中心区域冷却效果变差;在非轴对称离散孔出口增加平直段能使射流更集中,可以有效防止气膜在上游被穿透造成冷却恶化现象。      

Mechanical properties of ANTRIX balloon film and fabrication of single cap large volume balloons

The zero pressure plastic balloons used for high altitude studies are generally made from polyethylene material. Tensile properties of the thin film polymer are the key parameters for material selection due to extremely low temperature of −90 °C encountered by the balloons in the tropopause region during the ascent at equatorial latitudes. The physical and structural properties of the material determine the uniformity of the stress distribution over the entire shell. Load stresses from the suspended load propagate via load tapes heat sealed along with the gore seals as per the balloon design. A balance between this heat seal strength and the film strength is a desirable property of the basic resin in terms of the bubble strength, gauge uniformity, and long-term storage properties. In addition, the design of the top shell of the balloon and its stress distribution play an important role since only a fraction of the balloon is deployed during the filling operation and the ascent. In this paper we describe the mechanical properties of the ‘ANTRIX’ film developed by us and the optimized design of single cap balloons, which have been successfully used in our experiments over the past 5 years.     

铝合金机箱PVF涂敷工艺优化及耐蚀性分析

针对铝合金产品化学转化膜表面在进行高温涂料聚氟乙烯(PVF)涂装时,出现流挂、露底现象,以及涂装后在仓储过程中,漆膜出现气泡、开裂现象;或在温度、潮湿交变试验后出现起泡、起白粉现象,结合涂料的成膜过程和铝合金化学转化膜高温脱水的机理,进行了试验和研究,确定了化学转化膜在涂装前未进行烘烤脱去分子结合水是产生问题的主要原因;并找到了工艺优化的方案,并对其它类似性质材料的涂装,提出了提高产品漆膜质量的建议。     

液体火箭发动机超高转速泵浮动密封环研究

浮动密封环作为非接触式液体间隙密封,具有密封压差大、泄漏量较小、能自动调心和对中、理论上无磨损、对转子有辅助支撑作用等优点。但它在工作时受力状态很复杂,液膜形成和最小液膜厚度的大小受到许多因素的影响,泄漏量的计算与普通工作状态有较大的差别。本文通过对一些重点因素的分析研究,结合产品在不同工作转速和介质中的试验情况,提出了浮动环的工作模式,确定了最小液膜厚度和泄漏量的计算方法和在结构设计和产品生产过程中应重点考虑的问题。