Dynamic Response Analysis of Bird Strike on Aircraft Windshield Based on Damage-modified Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Relation

Damage-modified nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation and failure criterion are introduced and the three-dimensional incremental forms are deduced based on the updated Lagrangian approach. A simple tensile test model and a split Hopkinson pressure bar model are built to verify the accuracy of the subroutine implemented within the non-linear finite element program LS-DYNA. A numerical model of bird strike on windshield is established to study the responses of windshield under three different bird velocities at three sites. The bird is represented by a cylinder with a hemisphere at each end and the contact-impact coupling algorithm is used in this study. It is found that the implemented subroutine can properly describe the mechanical behavior of polymethyl methacrylate under low and high strain rates and large deformation, and can be used validly.     

试卷质量的量化分析研究

考试是获得教与学效果信息的重要手段之一，然而作为信息载体的试卷，其质量高低即试题取样是否恰当、科学，是客观公正反映教学质量的根本保证。作者利用数理统计分析方法，依据考试成绩的分布，对试题取样、试题难度、区分度、试卷的信度等指标做了分析研究，给出了试卷质量的基本量化评价模式，经实例验证，效果满意，可供同行们参考。     

对三向测力仪性能评价的探讨

三向干扰系数通常作为评价三向测力仪静态性能的一个重要参数。分析与实验证明这种评价方法不能真实反映测力仪在使用中的干扰情况,因而提出用平面干扰系数代替三向干扰系数来评价测力仪性能,并对测力仪在设计、制造、使用中的一些问题提出了看法。     

空间斯特林发电机热头结构设计及分析

空间斯特林发电机热头在工作中要承受严酷的高温高压的工况,为了保证其长寿命和高效换热等要求,需要对斯特林发电机热头的材料、结构等方面进行分析和优化设计。本文初步介绍了空间斯特林发电机热头结构设计的要求和准则,分析了热头结构设计的难点和关键点及解决途径。采用有限元分析方法,开展了斯特林发电样机热头的温度和压力综合应力分析和热头结构的优化设计。加工完成的热头结构的工作性能满足斯特林发电机样机的要求,初步验证了设计方法和途径的正确性。     

Near real-time PPP-based monitoring of the ionosphere using dual-frequency GPS/BDS/Galileo data

Ionosphere delay is very important to GNSS observations, since it is one of the main error sources which have to be mitigated even eliminated in order to determine reliable and precise positions. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium to radio signal, so the value of the group delay or phase advance of GNSS radio signal depends on the signal frequency. Ground-based GNSS stations have been used for ionosphere monitoring and modeling for a long time. In this paper we will introduce a novel approach suitable for single-receiver operation based on the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. One of the main characteristic is that only carrier-phase observations are used to avoid particular effects of pseudorange observations. The technique consists of introducing ionosphere ambiguity parameters obtained from PPP filter into the geometry-free combination of observations to estimate ionospheric delays. Observational data from stations that are capable of tracking the GPS/BDS/GALILEO from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network are processed. For the purpose of performance validation, ionospheric delays series derived from the novel approach are compared with the global ionospheric map (GIM) from Ionospheric Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs). The results are encouraging and offer potential solutions to the near real-time ionosphere monitoring.     

Weighted marginal fisher analysis with spatially smooth for aircraft recognition

Due to limitations to extract invariant features for recognition when the aircraft presents various poses and lacks enough samples for training, a novel algorithm called Weighted Marginal Fisher Analysis with Spatially Smooth （WMFA-SS） for extracting invariant features in aircraft rec- ognition is proposed. According to the Graph Embedding （GE） framework, Heat Kernel function is firstly introduced to characterize the interclass separability when choosing the weights of penalty graph. Furthermore, Laplacian penalty is applied to constraining the coefficients to be spatially smooth in this algorithm. Laplacian penalty is able to incorporate the prior information that neigh- boring pixels are correlated. Besides, using a Laplacian penalty can also avoid the singularity of Laplacian matrix of intrinsic graph. Once compact representations of the images are obtained, it can be considered as invariant features and then be performed in classification to recognize different patterns of aircraft. Real aircraft recognition experiments show the superiority of our proposed WMFA-SS in comparison to other GE algorithms and the current aircraft recognition algorithm; the accuracy rate of our proposed method is 90.00% for dataset BH-AIR1.0 and 99.25% for dataset BH-AIR2.0.     

耐碱棉纸中含铁量的测定方法

用Ｎ２ＯＣ２Ｈ２原子吸收法来测定某型导弹热电池耐碱棉纸中的铁含量。并对测定条件和干扰困素进行了综合考虑。该测定方法具有很好的灵敏度，很好的精确度、干扰少、选择性和重现性好等优点。相对标准偏差ＲＳＤ＜１．０％（ｎ＝１０）。标准加入回收率均在９８％～１０２％（ｎ＝３）范围内。完全适用于耐碱棉纸中的含铁量的控制和样品系统分析。在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

单推三分析化验误差来源研究

单推三分析化验误差来源是多方面的,确定单推三分析过程误差来源,能为操作人员提供减少或消除误差的依据。影响单推三分析结果的主要因素有几个:标准溶液浓度的变化,滴定过程各终点的读数,环境温度的变化。在分析化验过程中,第一终点读数对硝酸肼、氨的分析结果不产生影响,但对肼有影响;第二终点读数对肼、氨分析结果有影响,但对硝酸肼无影响;第三终点读数对上述三种物质的分析结果都有影响,尤其是硝酸肼,其分析化验结果很容易超出要求范围。     

推进剂制造过程中组分快速分析方法概述

以复合固体推进剂为主，概述了制造过程中多种实时分析和相对快速分析方法，包括色谱法、极谱法、红外光谱法、Ｘ－射线萤光光谱法。详细比较了ＨＰＬＣ和流动注射分析（ＦＩＡ）之间的差异，提出了ＦＩＡ的优点及其在推进剂中应用的潜力。     

电位法测量微缺口试样的数值分析

疲劳寿命受到材料内部缺陷的制约,可以通过电位法试验获得微缺口试样的疲劳裂纹扩展规律,进而分析缺陷对材料疲劳寿命的影响。在试验前,需要预先研究试验的主要影响因素。利用COMSOL有限元软件,研究了电流输入点位置和电势差测点位置对试验精度和试验复现性的影响,计算得到不同裂纹前缘形状对应的电位法校核曲线。结果表明:(1)电流输入点位置位于试样平行于裂纹面的上下表面时,可以保证试验的复现性。(2)当测点位于裂纹面的垂直对称面上,且测点距离裂纹面垂直距离为0.06～0.1倍试样宽度时,可以同时满足测试精度和复现性。(3)当裂纹宽度和裂纹深度的比值3时,可以不考虑裂纹前缘形状对校核曲线的影响,当裂纹宽度和裂纹深度的比值≤3时,裂纹前缘形状对校核曲线的影响较大。