Geometry and size optimization of stiffener layout for three-dimensional box structures with maximization of natural frequencies

Based on the growth mechanism of natural biological branching systems and inspiration from the morphology of plant root tips, a bionic design method called Improved Adaptive Growth Method (IAGM) has been proposed in the authors’ previous research and successfully applied to the reinforcement optimization of three-dimensional box structures with respect to natural frequencies. However, as a kind of ground structure methods, the final layout patterns of stiffeners obtained by using the IAGM are highly subjected to their ground structures, which restricts the optimization effect and freedom to further improve the dynamic performance of structures. To solve this problem, a novel post-processing geometry and size optimization approach is proposed in this article. This method takes the former layout optimization result as start, and iteratively finds the optimal layout angles, locations, and lengths of stiffeners with a few design variables by optimizing the positions of some specific node lines called active node lines. At the same time, thicknesses of stiffeners are also optimized to further improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures. Using this method, stiffeners can be successfully separated from their ground structures and further effectively improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures with less material consumption. Typical numerical examples are illustrated to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the suggested method.     

药柱结构完整性分析模型参数的确定

由应力松驰实验数据得出药柱粘弹性材料参数，是用NASTRAN进行药柱结构完整性分析的基础。分析了Burgers粘弹性材料模型的函数性质，提出了用用分段加权目标函数逼近法，对不同时间段的实验数据取不同的权值来拟合出粘弹性能参数。结果表明，该方法比最小二乘法有更好的效果，更适用计算机药柱的长期储存与寿命预估。     

固体火箭发动机药柱三维结构非线性分析

非线性分析是药柱结构分析中的难点，针对其对结构分析的影响，基于不可压缩材料的粘弹性本构关系，应用完全拉格朗日（T．L）法的虚功方程，综合考虑药柱的近似不可压缩性和几何非线性，推导了三维粘弹性几何非线性有限元增量方程，编写了有限元程序对星型药柱在受压力载荷以及固化降温载荷作用下的结构进行了分析，并与线性计算的结果进行了对比，结果表明，在大载荷作用下，非线性对药柱结构分析的影响比较显著，计算时考虑非线性的影响是必要的。     

液体火箭发动机可靠性增长规划研究

液体火箭发动机可靠性要求高、试验费用昂贵，有必要对可靠性增长试验进行综合规划，以减少试验费用、缩短研制周期和降低风险。根据液体火箭发动机的特点，提出双参数的：Bayes可靠性增长模型，综合利用产品研制过程中全程试验信息，动态评定可靠性水平。在客观评价其可靠性水平的基础上，采用MTGP(Modified Tracking，Growth and Prediction)模型跟踪增长过程，对液体火箭发动机的可靠性增长试验进行综合规划。研究表明：这种方法能在小样本下，科学、合理地评定液体火箭发动机的可靠性水平和指导可靠性增长规划，在工程中有广泛的应用前景。     

Urban growth assessment around Winam Gulf of Kenya based on satellite imagery

Urban growth and population dynamics are among the most critical information needed for future economic development planning, natural resources allocation and environmental management. In the present work, two methods, the first based on night-time images produced by NOAA and population maps provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) LandScan, and the second one on SAR imagery, were used in order to assess the expansion of urban areas surrounding the Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya) at different scales. In the time covered by night-time lights imagery, the study highlighted a period of constant growth rate between 2002 and 2006 and a negative trend after 2006 and 2008. This decrease may be related to two main events occurring in the study area between 2006 and 2007: the decline of the Lake Victoria level and the abnormal proliferation of the floating weeds within the Winam Gulf. Meanwhile, the urban feature extraction obtained at a different scale within a particular district from 1997 up to 2008 results in a constant growth rate. Population movements around this zone explain different dynamics that should be studied in detail in order to understand their particular roots.     

当前经济增长的周期性、阶段性特征及政策思路

根据经济周期谷底的特性以及中美两国经济紧密关联和经济周期越来越契合的规律,可以印证2009年就是新一轮经济周期的谷底,由此可以断定当前处于复苏阶段.然而近三年来我国经济增速持续下滑至谷底以下,这一反常现象是由于经济短周期冲高回落与经济增长阶段转换相互叠加造成的.河南省与全国经济周期高度一致,时滞半年左右.在高速经济增长阶段河南省潜在经济增长率比全国高出2个百分点,中高速阶段高出1.5个百分点.河南省近几年经济增速深度下滑,其关键原因是投资增速下滑,其根本原因是结构升级缓慢.未来河南经济要摆脱持续下行趋势,保持经济中高速增长,应坚持调结构、扩投资、促改革的政策思路,“调结构”是根本,“扩投资”是基础,“促改革”是保障.     

河南省人力资本与经济增长的关系

河南的人力资本与经济发展相互影响、相互制约,具有密切的联系.人力资本对经济发展的促进作用是显而易见的,但经济的快速增长并没有带来人力资本存量的相应增加,这与多年来执行的经济政策是一致的.无论是在省际层面还是省内层面,河南人力资本与经济发展之间存在着不一致性,人力资本的培育和发展具有较大的不平衡性.从人力资本的结构上看,不同类型的人力资本与经济之间的相互关系呈现出多样性.     

STATIC AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF IMPACTED AS4/PEEK THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES UNDER COMPRESSION LOAD

Static and fatigue tests under compression load were made on impacted AS4/PEEK and T300/913C graphite/epoxy with ［45/90/-45/0］_5S stacking sequence. The comparison of the damage tolerance assessment for thermosetting and thermoplastic composites shows that thermoplastics are more damage tolerant under compression. Impacted thermoplastic composites have excellent compression-compression fatigue behavior. The damage growth life is only a few percent of their total fatigue life and no regular damage growth can be found. Some design principles for thermosetting composite structures may still be used.     

现代经济增长理论发展动态分析

本文根据现代经济增长理论的演化过程，探寻现代经济增长理论的发展趋势。首先分析了经济增长理论三个发展时期中具有代表性的人物、主要观点及这些观点的不中之处；然后，结合复杂性科学所取得的重要成果及其对经济学的冲击，分析了现代经济增长理论所面临的挑战与机遇，进而对现代经济增长理论的未来发展作了展望。