TC4 钛合金板材双晶探头超声波检测

研究了TC4钛合金板材高灵敏度双晶探头超声波检测中变型波、组织噪声的产生原因及影响.结果表明:变型波会给缺陷波定量评定带来影响,以缺陷波始脉冲波幅定量评定最为准确,对于缺陷波始脉冲之后的波幅超标应选用不同焦距的双晶探头进行对比检测.组织噪声的产生与板材中同取向粗大α相晶粒增多密切相关,通过减小脉冲宽度可有效降低组织噪声.     

1420铝锂合金的晶粒细化及超塑性行为

采用一种新型形变热处理方法制备1420铝锂合金细晶超塑性板材,其再结晶平均晶粒尺寸约7μm.对细晶板材在温度范围450～570°C、应变速率5×10-41~×10-2s-1条件下进行高温超塑性拉伸,探求了对板材流动行为及组织演变的影响规律.在525℃和l×10-3s-1的变形务件下,板材呈现了最高延伸率,约为915%.     

电子防滑系统可靠性增长试验方法研究

本文介绍的采用可靠性试验和寿命试验相结合的方法,成功完成某飞机电子防滑刹车系统的可靠性增长试验.用ASMAA模型对产品进行可靠性评估和寿命评估的做法.在资金、时间有限的情况下,有效的激发了产品故障,进行设计改进,MTBF从28H增长到848H,具有显著的社会经济效益.     

Evaluation of mixed mode-I/II criteria for fatigue crack propagation using experiments and modeling

In this study, in-plane mixed mode-I/II fatigue crack growth simulations and experiments are performed for the Al 7075-T651 aluminum alloy which is widely used in the aerospace industry. Tests are carried out under different mode mixity ratios to evaluate the applicability of a fracture criterion developed in a previous study to mixed mode-I/II fatigue crack growth tests. Results obtained from the analyses and experiments are compared with existing and developed criteria in terms of crack growth lives. Compact Tension Shear (CTS) specimens, which enable mixed mode loading with loading devices under different loading angles, are used in the simulations and experiments. In an effort to model and simulate the actual conditions in the experiments, crack surfaces of fractured specimens are scanned, crack paths are modeled exactly, and contacts are defined between the contact surfaces of a specimen and the loading device for each crack propagation step in the analyses. Having computed the mixed mode stress intensity factors from the numerical analyses, propagation life cycles are predicted by existing and the developed mixed mode-I/II criteria and then compared with experimental results.     

Prediction of fatigue crack growth rate for small-sized CIET specimens based on low cycle fatigue properties

Based on experiments of low cycle fatigue for 5083-H112 aluminum alloy, two energy-based predictive models have been introduced to predict the fatigue crack growth behaviors of traditional Compact Tension (CT) and small-sized C-shaped Inside Edge-notched Tension (CIET) specimens with different thicknesses and load ratios. Different values of the effective stress ratio U are employed in the theoretical fatigue crack growth models to correct the effect of crack closure. Results indicate that the two predictive models show different capacities of predicting the fatigue crack growth behaviors of CIET and CT specimens with different thicknesses and load ratios. The accuracy of predicted results of the two models is strongly affected by the method for determination of the effective stress ratio U. Finally, the energy-based Shi&Cai model with crack closure correction by means of Newman’s method is highly recommended in prediction of fatigue crack growth of CIET specimens via low cycle fatigue properties.     

论布哈林的二元经济结构下的苏联工业化模式

现代工业和落后农业同时并存的二元经济结构是发展中国家普遍存在的现象。工业高速增长，农业明显滞后，二元经济结构强度呈拉大趋势，这已成为发展中国家经济发展中不得不警惕的大问题。苏联早期经济学家布哈林最早运用了二元经济结构分析法，提出了落后国家走工业化道路的具体办法，即在二元经济结构下的农业均衡增长的工业化模式。本文就是对布哈林这一工业化思想给予一定的介绍与评价的。     

保持时间对涡轮盘合金高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展特性的影响

研究了两种广泛使用的涡轮盘高温合金，在高温下带和不带上峰值保持时间的低周疲劳裂纹扩展特性及其扩展寿命估算模型。     

郑州航空港区极化效应与扩散效应研究

通过郑州市人均GDP的对比分析及主成分分析发现,在全国范围内,郑州航空港的极化作用呈增强态势,在全省范围内极化作用较为平稳;从主成分分析的结果看,郑州与其他城市相比,综合发展水平远远高于其他城市,极化现象比较明显;从郑州周边的城市看,郑州周边的城市的经济发展水平远高于其他城市,扩散作用比较明显,而与郑州市距离较远的城市,经济发展水平相对较低,符合扩散作用随着距离变化逐步衰减的规律。政府应进行相对均衡的规划设计,不仅要扶持增长极的发展,对偏远地区也要进行适当倾斜,防止区域差距进一步扩大。     

Surface strengthening and grain refinement of AZ31B magnesium alloy by ultrasonic cavitation modification

Ultrasonic cavitation modification (UCM) employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties. To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM, the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene, respectively. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, distance from the sample, and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied. The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to 1.5–3 times after UCM in water, which was 23.77–48.19% higher than that in kerosene. The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31B were refined after UCM. The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 μm after UCM in water, and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, while the former was more than 40 μm and the latter were concentrated between 2 μm and 10 μm in kerosene. This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene. Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.     

Characteristics of surface and subsurface of formed thread parts by axial-infeed thread rolling process

The thread rolling process has been widely applied to manufacture high-performance thread parts. In this process, the evolutions of surface and subsurface are frequently introduced, which affect the working performance of manufactured parts. In this study, an axial-infeed thread rolling process (ATRP) is employed, and the macro-meso surface characteristics under different lubrications and operating conditions are investigated. Moreover, the distributions of microstructure and hardness on the subsurface of formed tooth are analyzed in detail, along with the study of stress state and yield strength change. It is found that the MoS₂ grease is more effective in reducing the surface roughness and defects than the lubrication oil and water-base graphite during the ATRP process. Increasing rolling speed improves the quality of surface morphology and can reduce the surface roughness. On the subsurface of bottom and flank, intensive shear stress occurs in a narrow region, resulting in the elongation and refinement of the grains and increasing the low angle grain boundary fraction. Based on the grain size and plastic strain, the yield strength is predicted. The maximum yield strength and hardness on the bottom of formed tooth are improved by 41.2% and 39.4%, respectively.