Selection and hydroponic growth of bread wheat cultivars for bioregenerative life support systems

As part of the ESA-funded MELiSSA program, the suitability, the growth and the development of four bread wheat cultivars were investigated in hydroponic culture with the aim to incorporate such a cultivation system in an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). Wheat plants can fulfill three major functions in space: (a) fixation of CO₂ and production of O₂, (b) production of grains for human nutrition and (c) production of cleaned water after condensation of the water vapor released from the plants by transpiration. Four spring wheat cultivars (Aletsch, Fiorina, Greina and CH Rubli) were grown hydroponically and compared with respect to growth and grain maturation properties. The height of the plants, the culture duration from germination to harvest, the quantity of water used, the number of fertile and non-fertile tillers as well as the quantity and quality of the grains harvested were considered. Mature grains could be harvested after around 160 days depending on the varieties. It became evident that the nutrient supply is crucial in this context and strongly affects leaf senescence and grain maturation. After a first experiment, the culture conditions were improved for the second experiment (stepwise decrease of EC after flowering, pH adjusted twice a week, less plants per m²) leading to a more favorable harvest (higher grain yield and harvest index). Considerably less green tillers without mature grains were present at harvest time in experiment 2 than in experiment 1. The harvest index for dry matter (including roots) ranged from 0.13 to 0.35 in experiment 1 and from 0.23 to 0.41 in experiment 2 with modified culture conditions. The thousand-grain weight for the four varieties ranged from 30.4 to 36.7 g in experiment 1 and from 33.2 to 39.1 g in experiment 2, while market samples were in the range of 39.4–46.9 g. Calcium levels in grains of the hydroponically grown wheat were similar to those from field-grown wheat, while potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and nickel levels tended to be higher in the grains of experimental plants. It remains a challenge for future experiments to further adapt the nutrient supply in order to improve senescence of vegetative plant parts, harvest index and the composition of bread wheat grains.     

经济增长方式转变的临界点

经济增长的构成可分为三部分：（１）由生产率变化而引起的经济增长；（２）由投入量变化而引起的经济经济；（３）由生产率变化和投入量变化交互作用而引起的经济增长。经济增长方式的转变，其粗放和集约程度可由集约指数和粗放指数表征，其转变的临界点可以求解，并由此进行量化判别，经济增长方式转变的核心问题是促进集约（进化），防止粗放（退化），保持适度的经济增长，千方百计提高生产率；归根结底，主要源于技术创新。     

企业成长力及其评价指标体系设计

企业的成长是一个复杂的动态过程,各种影响企业成长的因素相互关联、渗透,必须建立一套指标体系以便对其进行评价、控制。文章探讨了企业可持续成长所必须具备的能力,论述了评价企业成长力的指标体系设计原则,即指标体系需要有完备性、适度性、实用性和动态性。提出指标的设计要针对影响企业成长的重要因素——外部规则结构、内部治理结构、市场—技术结构作出具体选择和调整。     

我国财政赤字的经济增长效应实证分析

理论研究表明,财政赤字对经济增长的作用要取决于客观经济状况,在我国目前现实国情下,财政赤字是否具有经济增长效应关系到我国未来的财政政策措施与取向。本文尝试运用最新发展的时间序列经济计量方法对改革开放以来的财政赤字与经济增长之间关系进行实证分析,借以为我国积极的财政政策提供理论分析与实证检验的依据。     

纳米材料零件成形技术

纳米材料零件的成形技术是研究通过纳米粉末材料成形零件制品，以求零件具有纳米材料的特性，应用到生产。在本论文中阐述了成形纳米材料零件的方法，以及其中存在的问题。     

某涡喷发动机可靠性增长分析

航空发动机的研制特点决定了试车故障数据兼有同步纠正和异步纠正的性质，为了更好的评价航空发动机的可靠性．对一组有可靠性增长的试车故障数据采用了MIL-HDBK-189介绍的带同步纠正性质的处理方法，所得结果与采用Crow的带异步纠正性质的统计分析方法计算的结果进行比较，可以发现：两种方法对趋势检验的结论和对平均故障间隔时间（MTBF）的极大似然估计基本一致。     

包覆药柱界面粘结质量的无损检测

利用错位电子散斑干涉技术，对包覆药柱界面粘结质量无损检测方法进行了研究，分析了影响检测结果的间距、图像判读、加载量、灵敏度和内应力等关键因素。试验结果表明，此方法可以检测最小直径3.6mm的人工脱粘区。     

定向凝固参数对二元铝锂合金共晶生长及组织结构的影响

本文研究了定向凝固参数对二元铝锂合金共晶生长及组织结构的影响。实验发现，Ｌｉ少于７ｗｔ％的合金中，晶体不能以共晶方式生长。Ｌｉ多于７ｗｔ％的合金中，可以获得平面生长的共晶组织，凝固参数对晶体生长方式及组织形貌有显著的影响