一种用于疲劳裂纹扩展数学模型研究的优化方法

在研究反映某类实验结果特性的数学公式或数学模型时，通常采用最小二乘法或其他微分方法对实验点进行曲线拟合。然而上述方法往往受到数学模型函数的可导性、连续性以及微分方程求解之难易程度的限制。本文通过引入工程设计中的优化方法，分别对室内空气环境下铝合金材料疲劳裂纹扩展的数学模型，以及在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液浸泡下该材料腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的条件下，采用优化方法可方便地得到与其对应的疲劳裂纹扩展的（ｄａ／ｄＮ     

广义幂律过程的一个拟合优度检验法

近年提出的广义幂律过程在可靠性分析中有着广泛的应用,它常用于描述复杂系统和软件的可靠性增长模型。在对系统进行可靠性分析时,为了得到正确的分析结果,必须首先对建立的数学模型进行检验。本文讨论了广义幂律过程的拟合优度检验问题,基于过程的截尾样本数据,给出了广义幂律过程的一个拟合优度检验法———Ｆ检验法,并分析了Ｆ检验法的功效与Ｆ检验统计量中的参数ｒ之间的关系,为参数ｒ的确定提供了理论依据。文末给出了检验可修系统的一个实例。     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

东方红三号系列卫星在轨故障统计分析

迄今为止,东方红三号系列卫星累计运行时间已近30年,积累了相当可观的故障数据。文章在统计5颗卫星在轨故障信息的基础上,分析了该型卫星在轨故障随工作时间的总体变化规律,不同后果的故障和不同分系统的故障随工作时间的变化规律,以及卫星的可靠性增长。结论认为,该型早期卫星故障符合典型的浴盆曲线模型,早期故障较多,后期故障频繁;该型后期卫星同样存在早期失效,但特征不明显,除去空间干扰因素,卫星运行期间故障趋势相对平缓,卫星可靠性明显提高。     

TC4-DT焊接接头Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型疲劳裂纹扩展实验及模拟研究

拉剪复合载荷作用下,构件中的裂纹呈现复杂的Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型扩展模式,研究其扩展规律对准确评估构件疲劳寿命具有重要意义。针对TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接头Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型疲劳裂纹扩展规律开展研究,设计并加工紧凑拉伸剪切(CTS)试样,通过开展不同加载角度下接头试样的疲劳裂纹扩展实验,得到接头Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的a-N曲线及疲劳裂纹扩展路径。在上述基础上引入Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型等效应力强度因子并结合Paris公式建立TC4-DT电子束焊接头Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程。采用扩展有限元法(XFEM)对复合型疲劳裂纹扩展过程进行数值模拟研究,得到不同加载角度下的扩展规律,并与实验结果进行比较。结果表明:不同加载角度下Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型疲劳裂纹开裂角模拟值与实验结果误差均在10%以内,并且扩展路径均与实验结果吻合;XFEM能够有效预测复合型疲劳裂纹扩展路径。     

A new method to predict fatigue crack growth rate of materials based on average cyclic plasticity strain damage accumulation

By introducing a fatigue blunting factor, the cyclic elasto-plastic Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field near the crack tip under the cyclic loading is modified. And, an average damage per loading-cycle in the cyclic plastic deformation region is defined due to Manson-Coffin law. Then, according to the linear damage accumulation theory-Miner law, a new model for predicting the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of the opening mode crack based on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage is set up. The step length of crack propagation is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. It is clear that every parameter of the new model has clearly physical meaning which does not need any human debugging. Based on the LCF test data, the FCG predictions given by the new model are consistent with the FCG test results of Cr2Ni2MoV and X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1. What’s more, referring to the relative researches, the good predictability of the new model is also proved on six kinds of materials.     

可靠性增长试验的计划曲线及其参数研究

在用杜安（Ｄｕａｎｅ）增长模型制定可靠性增长试验的计划曲线时，确定总试验时间经常会遇到缺乏数据、经验和经费不足等困难。本文利用杜安增长模型导出了总试验时间的计算公式，并对影响总试验时间的诸参数进行了分析，提出了选取这些参数的原则和方法，对制定具体的计划曲线有一定的指导意义。     

恒幅及飞行模拟载荷下厚度对裂纹增长的影响

不同厚度试样的疲劳裂纹扩展试验及断口微观分析表明,恒幅加载低应力比飞行模拟载荷条件下具有明显的厚度影响。考查了模型对厚度影响的预测能力。Newman的模型具有预测厚度影响的潜力,广义改进的wellenborg模型不含有厚度影响的考虑,即使通过调整约束系数α的方法也不能计及厚度的影响。厚度对裂纹增长影响的物理原因及模型化有待于进一步研究。     

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.     

Atomization mechanism of a charged viscoelastic liquid sheet

In order to study atomization mechanism of a viscoelastic liquid sheet in an electric field,the spatial–temporal stability analysis of a viscoelastic liquid sheet injected into a dielectric stationary ambient gas in the presence of a vertical electric field is conducted. The dispersion relations of both sinuous and varicose disturbance modes are solved to explore the spatial–temporal instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet, by setting both the wave number and frequency complex. A parametric study is performed to test the influence of the dimensionless parameters on the absolute instability of the sheet. The results show that the increase of liquid Weber number and time constant ratio, or decrease of gas to liquid density ratio and Reynolds number, can damp the absolute instability. The effect of the liquid elasticity depends on the value of time constant ratio: when time constant ratio is small, the increase of liquid elasticity could amplify absolute growth rate, but the effect is weak when the elasticity number is relatively large; when time constant ratio is large, the increase of liquid elasticity cannot affect the absolute growth rate. Moreover, the variation of electrical Euler number can hardly influence the absolute instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet.