Phase Transformation in a β-Ti Alloy with Good Balance Between High Strength and High Fracture Toughness

This article studies the phase transformation of the metastable β-Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr-Zr alloy (Ti-1300) to disclose the morphological reason for its high strength and high fracture toughness. It has been found that its ultrahigh strength (ultimate tensile strength exceeds 1 400 MPa) owes mainly to the spheroidization of the α-phase, while the high fracture toughness (exceeds 81 MPa·m^½) to the special lath-shaped α-particles. Compared to the needle-shaped second α-articles, the coarser lath-shaped ones remove the stress concentration at the lath tips and consequently benefit improvement of fracture toughness. The article also describes shape evolution of the α-particles during aging thermodynamically and kinetically, and suggests an optimized aging processing to achieve an ideal balance between high strength and high toughness for this alloy.     

Reduction in clamping force due to applied longitudinal load to aerospace structural bolted plates

The main purpose of the present work is to experimentally and numerically study why and how the magnitude of the bolt clamping force reduces in the aerospace structural bolted plates when they are subjected to a longitudinal tensile load. In the experimental method, a holed plate of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 was clamped using a single bolt fastener, and then tested under an increasing static longitudinal tensile load. The bolt clamping magnitude was determined by using the measured axial compressive strains of a steel bush placed between the nut and plate. Two clamped specimens with different initial clamping forces were studied. In each specimen the actual clamping forces were determined during the longitudinal loading on the plate. In the numerical method, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was generated in order to simulate and quantify the bolt clamping force in the plate model loaded in tension. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the clamping force reduces considerably in the aluminium bolted plates under the longitudinal tensile loading. This is because of the transverse contraction of the plate material that causes the clamped material to release from the initial compression, and as a result, the clamping force to relax.     

Adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerators for future sub-millimetre space missions

Space worthy refrigeration capable of providing a 100 mK and below heat load sink for bolometric detectors will be required for the next generation of sub-millimetre space missions. Adiabatic demagnetisation refrigeration (ADR), being a gravity independent laboratory method for obtaining such temperatures, is a favourable technique for utilisation in space.We show that by considering a 3 salt pill refrigerator rather than the classic single salt pill design the space prohibitive laboratory ADR properties of high magnetic field (6 Tesla) and a<2 K environment (provided by a bath of liquid⁴He) can be alleviated, while maintaining a sufficient low temperature hold time and short recycle time. The additional salt pills, composed of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) provide intermediate cooling stages, enabling operation from a 4 K environment provided by a single 4 K mechanical cooler, thereby providing consumable free operation. Such ADRs could operate with fields as low as 1 Tesla allowing the use of high temperature, mechanically cooled superconducting magnets and so effectively remove the risk of quenching.We discuss the possibility of increasing the hold time from 3 hours, for the model presented, to between 40 and 80 hours, plus reducing the number of salt pills to two, through the use of a more efficient Garnet.We believe the technical advances necessitated by the envisaged ADRs are minimal and conclude that such ADRs offer a long orbital life time, consumable free, high efficiency means of milli-Kelvin cooling, requiring relatively little laboratory development.     

复合材料结构设计的使用安全系数

 飞机结构设计使用安全系数的研究已有50多年的历史。虽然美国在1934年以后定安全系数为1.5,各发达国家也都先后统一为1.5,但由于航空科技的发展,使用材料的变化,这个问题一直争论到现在。 本文从飞机结构设计安全系数的发展历史及其变化根据出发,阐述其选用的原则,并结合当前碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料在航空结构上的应用情况,提出安全系数选用的一些分析和看法。     

ZN系列粘弹性阻尼材料的性能及应用

全面介绍了航天材料及工艺研究所开发的ZN系列阻尼材料的物理机械性能和阻尼性能及其特性，并通过对若干应用的介绍，说明ZN系列阻尼材料的应用现状。     

苯并（口恶）嗪树脂烧蚀性能的初步研究

对苯并（口恶）嗪树脂作为烧蚀树脂的应用进行了研究.采用TGA对四种中间体固化树脂的成碳率进行了测量,表明含有多个NFDA9嗪环的PBOZ中间体和含有两嗪环的MDABOZ固化树脂和DRBOZ固化树脂成碳率较高,达到60%以上,而含有一个嗪环的SRBOZ固化树脂的成碳率相对较低.在以SRBOZ 中间体为主体的树脂体系中引入MDABOZ中间体、DRBOZ中间体和APPFBOZ中间体后树脂体系的粘度较低而其固化产物的交联密度明显提高,成碳率达到60%以上.小发动机烧蚀试验表明PBOZ固化树脂的耐烧蚀性能较好,能够作为烧蚀树脂;SRBOZ 中间体中引入MDABOZ中间体后树脂体系的粘度较小而其固化产物的耐烧蚀性能明显提高.     

压电传感元件在智能结构中的应用研究

研究了压电材料作为传感元件在智能结构中的应用。开发了基于锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷传感元件的智能结构实验系统，利用压电传感器对复合材料板结构的载荷变化进行监测并对传感器组的冲击定位功能进行了试验。文中采用模式识别技术，成功地实现了结构连接损伤出现的判别和损伤位置的确定     

考虑了横向剪切的复合材料层合圆柱壳的Karman-Donnell方程

本文从Reissner理论出发,推导了考虑横向剪切的复合材料层合圆柱壳的Karman-Donnell大挠度方程。     

受压脱层层板的有限元分析

受压复合材料脱层层合板的局部屈曲,在脱层尖端引起很大的应力集中,导致脱层扩展而发生破坏。本文利用一阶剪切的直线层板理论和折线层板理论,建立了一维受压脱层层合板的分析模型,进而根据虚裂纹闭合技术,得出了脱层尖端能量释放率各型分量G_Ⅰ,G_Ⅱ,G_Ⅲ的一维有限元计算表达式,并且验证了该方法的正确性。通过数值计算,讨论了外载、脱层长度和层板纤维铺层方向对能量释放率的影响。结果表明,脱层的扩展取决G_Ⅰ和G_Ⅱ,而C_Ⅲ的影响可以忽略不计。对于外载较大时发生的脱层扩展,很可能诱发层板的整体失稳,脱层的扩展将变成破坏性的快速扩展。     

一种适合于分析复合材料层板的三维杂交应力超单元研究

本文基于三维弹性理论和Hellinger-Reissner变分原理,推导了一种适合于分析复合材料层板的三维杂交应力超单元。该单元不同于常规的三维单元,它将复合材料层板沿厚度方向划分成一个或几个单元,每个单元中所包含的层数可视精度和计算费用的要求而定。在应用应力杂交模型导出三维超单元时,本文首次提出一种场变量假设方法,即在超单元内独立假设位移场,而应力场则分层独立假设,因而单元能较好地模拟层合板的力学性能。考虑横向剪切变形和局部扭曲变形的影响,保证了单元分析的精度。同时由于单元的自由度数不随层数的增加而增加,避免了常规三维单元在分析复合材料层板时自由度数随层数的增加而增加的弊端。通过对几个典型的复合材料层板的静、动力分析及与试验的比较。表明了单元能有效地用于各种层板的分析。