Apparent rotation properties of space debris extracted from photometric measurements

Knowledge about the rotation properties of space debris objects is essential for the active debris removal missions, accurate re-entry predictions and to investigate the long-term effects of the space environment on the attitude motion change. Different orbital regions and object’s physical properties lead to different attitude states and their change over time.Since 2007 the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) performs photometric measurements of space debris objects. To June 2016 almost 2000 light curves of more than 400 individual objects have been acquired and processed. These objects are situated in all orbital regions, from low Earth orbit (LEO), via global navigation systems orbits and high eccentricity orbit (HEO), to geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). All types of objects were observed including the non-functional spacecraft, rocket bodies, fragmentation debris and uncorrelated objects discovered during dedicated surveys. For data acquisition, we used the 1-meter Zimmerwald Laser and Astrometry Telescope (ZIMLAT) at the Swiss Optical Ground Station and Geodynamics Observatory Zimmerwald, Switzerland. We applied our own method of phase-diagram reconstruction to extract the apparent rotation period from the light curve. Presented is the AIUB’s light curve database and the obtained rotation properties of space debris as a function of object type and orbit.     

小天体高速撞击器视线制导律设计

针对小天体高速撞击器设计了一种视线制导律。为了解决轨道修正机动时机选取问题 ,本文引入B平面点位误差椭圆描述预测撞击点的置信度,通过控制撞击点落入指定的误差 椭圆概率区域内,将轨道修正机动时刻选取问题,转化为对发动机开关曲线的设计。该制导 律利用当前位置、速度信息构建视线旋转角速度与距离变化率,驱动发动机开关抑制视线的 旋转角速率,使其最终撞击到目标点上。严格的蒙特卡罗仿真表明,该制导律在节省燃料的 同时,可以使撞击精度比预测制导方法提高100米以上,达到250米以内。
     

P—S—N曲线的测定及数据处理

根据３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ高强度钢的疲劳试验结果，系统地介绍了该材料Ｐ－Ｓ－Ｎ曲线的测定、绘制、数据处理方法，并阐述了Ｋｔ＝５时的材料疲劳特征。还附有数据处理用表。     

A novel method for solving shortest tool length based on compressing 3D check surfaces relative to tool postures

Solving the shortest tool length quickly under a known tool trajectory in multi-axis machining of complex channel parts is an urgent problem in industrial production. To solve this problem, a novel and efficient method is proposed which is featured by extracting only a few necessary curves from the check surface instead of sampling the entire surface. By rotating and compressing the 3D check surface relative to all tool postures, the boundaries of the area occupied by the 2D compressed surfaces are the essential elements for determining the shortest tool length. A tracking-based numerical algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the silhouette curves which are formed in compressing. To define the multi-taper shaped tool holding system (THS) which is commonly used in production, a characterization model for THS profile is established. A model for solving the shortest tool length is finally constructed based on the critical interference relationship between the THS profile and all compressed boundary curves. For acceleration, the boundary splines are segmented according to their knot vectors. Then a new concept called the axis-aligned tool length box (AATB) is introduced, which can provide a conservative range of tool length for a spline segment. By scanning the AATBs of all spline segments, the very few effective spline segments that may ultimately determine the shortest tool length are filtered out. This acceleration method makes the solution for the shortest tool length more focused and efficient. The results of experimental examples are also reported to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.     

不同温度下IC10合金的本构关系

 利用材料试验机（MTS809）测得IC10合金在很宽的温度范围（25~800 ℃）和不同应变率（10^-5~10^-2s^-1）内的应力 应变曲线。试验结果表明：室温下IC10合金的流变行为对应变率不太敏感;相同应变率（10^-4s^-1）下,流变行为对温度较敏感;在不同应变率、25~800 ℃温度范围内,IC10合金的屈服应力变化很小。基于试验数据,修正并拟合了Johnson-Cook方程,并利用该方程对不同温度和不同应变率下IC10合金的流变应力进行预测。与试验数据对比表明,修正后的Johnson-Cook方程能较好地描述IC10合金在不同的温度和应变率条件下的流变行为。     

基于单层数值特征曲线法的复合材料接头强度分析

提出了基于单层的特征曲线法，利用Patran／Nastran有限元软件对复合材料机械连接接头强度进行了分析计算。根据提出的基于单层的数值特征曲线法，各个角度铺层的特征长度采用数值方法分别计算，根据各层的特征曲线计算各层的破坏载荷，最后确定接头的破坏载荷。通过算例分析，计算结果跟试验值吻合很好，较基于层合板特征曲线法所得结果更精确，说明了该方法的有效性。     

Robust spline-line energy management guidance algorithm with multiple constraints and uncertainties for solid rocket ascending

For the solid rocket with depletion shutdown system, effective energy management is significant to meet terminal constraints by exhausting excess energy. Several traditional energy management algorithms cannot satisfy the altitude constraint and path constraints are not sufficiently considered. The velocity adjustment capability of these algorithms is limited and the uncertainties are not considered. Based on the on-line programming of velocity capability curve, Spline-Line Energy Management(SLE...     

HTPB复合固体推进剂率相关损伤机理分析与验证

固体发动机在点火过程中常由于结构完整性问题而出现爆炸或性能曲线异常等问题，结合发动机在点火状态下推进剂的受载情况，亟待探索固体推进剂的率相关损伤机理。本研究从某HTPB复合固体推进剂在宽温和宽应变率下单向定速拉伸试验的力学响应特征入手，针对应力-应变曲线呈现的“双峰”、“脱湿”点前后移位等现象阐释了推进剂的率相关界面损伤特性。然后，基于建立的推进剂细观有限元模型对推进剂的率相关损伤过程进行了仿真计算，通过提取有限元分析结果的损伤界面分析了推进剂的界面损伤机理。最后，通过高速摄像试验的结果对损伤机理进行了验证。结果表明，推进剂的界面损伤过程具有很强的率相关性，“双峰”和“脱湿”点前后移位均与推进剂在不同应变率下拉伸时内部的损伤演化过程有关。通过对比推进剂在不同应变率下拉伸时断裂前的形貌，高应变率下AP颗粒析出数量较多，在一定程度上印证了本研究对推进剂损伤机理的阐释。     

The adaptive Gaussian mixtures unscented Kalman filter for attitude determination using light curves

The Adaptive Gaussian Mixtures Unscented Kalman Filter (AGMUKF) is introduced to estimate the attitude of a Resident Space Object using light curves. This filter models the state probability density function as a Gaussian Mixture. This enables to capture the non-linearities of the light-curve measurement model. A non-linearity index is used to refine the mixture when necessary, and individual Gaussian kernels are merged back together when their relative distance is below a certain threshold. A conventional attitude Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is used to propagate and update each kernel. The AGMUKF efficiently maintains the mixture population as low as possible, while still being able to represent non-symmetric, multimodal, arbitrarily complex distributions. Therefore, it is presented as a promising alternative to Particle-Filter-based implementations, the current state of the art used in sequential attitude estimation from light curves. The non-linearity index has been used to show that the measurement model is the main contributor to the system non-linearity. Results have demonstrated the superiority of the AGMUKF w.r.t. the UKF for attitude determination, and that it can converge for high initial state uncertainty cases, successfully capturing the non-Gaussian probability distribution of the state.