北斗GEO卫星CEI相时延解算方法研究

连线端站干涉测量(connected element interferometry，CEI)是高精度测角技术，在中高轨卫星、月球及深空航天器定轨定位中有良好的应用前景。基于CEI技术特点，提出了一种新的测量方法，即在相干测距模式下利用测距音和载波信号作为信号源进行连线端站干涉测量。构建了CEI试验系统对北斗GEO卫星进行观测，利用相干测距模式下的下行信号解算群时延、相时延。利用北斗GEO卫星精密星历计算的时延理论值，对北斗GEO卫星CEI群时延和相时延结果进行评估。结果表明，相干测距模式下CEI群时延和相时延残差均值分别为0.47ns、0.08ns，标准差(3σ)分别4.2ns、0.13ns。该项研究验证了相干测距模式下CEI相时延解算的可行性，可为共位地球同步卫星精密相对定位、月球探测器CEI测量提供技术参考。     

Beidou wide-area augmentation system clock error correction and performance verification

On December 27, 2018, the Beidou-3 System (BDS-3) has completed the deployment of 18 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites combined as a space constellation. In addition to the augmentation information for the new system signals B1C and B2a, the BDS-3 is compatible with the three augmentation information broadcast by the BDS-2 system for B1I and B3I signals: equivalent clock error correction, User Differential Ranging Error (UDRE) and Grid Ionosphere Vertical Error (GIVE). In this paper, the observation data of Beidou monitoring network are used to analyze the pseudo-range observation quality of the smooth transition signals B1I and B3I of BDS-2 and BDS-3. At the same time, the relationship between the equivalent clock error correction and the prediction error of the satellite clock is analyzed by using the Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) data. The results show that the correlation between the equivalent clock error correction and the monitored clock error by using the TWSTFT data is greater than 60%. We calculate the UDRE by using the equivalent clock error correction. The results show that the satellite equivalent clock error correction can improve the accuracy of User Equivalent Range Error (UERE) by about 50%. This paper also compares the positioning accuracy of the BDS-2 satellites with the BDS-2 satellites combined BDS-3 satellites. The results show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy is improved by about 30% after the BDS-3 satellites are added.     

近圆低轨卫星星座相位保持方法

主要研究无轨道高度保持要求的近圆低轨卫星星座相位保持方法.首先根据轨道摄动理论，推导了考虑J2摄动和大气阻尼摄动的卫星相位漂移模型，分别给出基于固定基准星和基于虚拟基准星的相位偏差两种表达方法.在此基础上，按照星座各星轨道衰减一致和不一致两种情况，分别提出两种表示方法理论的和考虑实际控制误差的相位保持策略.通过一个walker星座仿真算例验证了两种方法的有效性.仿真结果显示，两种方法在各星轨道衰减一致和不一致两种情况均可有效完成相位维持任务，当各星轨道衰减一致时两种方法在控制次数和控制总量上无明显差异；在各星轨道衰减不一致情况下，基于固定基准星的相位保持策略更优.     

壁挂式主频可调变截面小卫星结构设计与验证

针对多星并联布局“一箭多星”发射小卫星的模式，为降低星箭连接界面结构受力、提高卫星结构对不同运载火箭的主频适应性、提高星内设备安装空间利用率，本文设计了一种壁挂式主频可调变截面小卫星结构。对该卫星结构，开展了基于有限元方法的模态和静力分析验证，还开展了地面鉴定级振动试验验证和在轨飞行试验验证。分析和试验结果表明，壁挂式卫星结构相比底部连接式卫星结构，星箭连接界面受力可降低67.7%；在不增加卫星结构质量的前提下，仅通过安装或拆卸主传力路径上的部分连接螺钉，就能实现卫星3个方向一阶频率10 Hz左右的可调范围；采用沿运载火箭轴线方向横截面大小可变的变截面结构设计，可将星内设备安装空间的利用率由等截面卫星结构的49.1%提高到74.2%。     

Ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field anomalies around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake

The ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field data were analyzed around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The results show that ground electric field anomalies occurred at 3 stations located to the north and south of the epicenter with the amplitude of 3–100 mV/km. The change shapes and their amplitude of ground electric field anomalies are different largely due to their individual underground layer conductivity, water level and so on. The analysis of long time series illustrates that the abnormal geoelectric field started since March 2008. Onboard the DEMETER satellite, the ULF waveforms of electric field were collected and processed by wavelet transform method. The disturbances in the ionosphere were about 3–5 mV/m at a frequency band lower than 0.5 Hz. When the ground and space electric field anomalies were compared, their occurrence time and spatial distribution points are consistent with each other, including the long time anomalies from March 2008 and the short term ones 1–2 days before the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, the coupling mechanism was discussed.     

卫星状态智能诊断知识库设计方法

及时准确地发现并处理卫星出现的异常,对卫星运控管理非常重要,关系到卫星在轨使用寿命。设计卫星状态智能诊断知识库,基于该知识库构建的卫星在轨状态自动化报警诊断系统,能够辅助卫星管理人员进行运控管理,这对提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高卫星安全性具有重要意义。     

Hierarchical scheduling for real-time agile satellite task scheduling in a dynamic environment

The imaging processes of optical satellites can be easily affected by unexpected environmental changes, such as changes in cloud coverage. Given the difficulty to predict environmental uncertainties, traditional offline scheduling methods need a follow-up re-scheduling process that responds to real-time environmental information. This repetitive scheduling processes make the offline fine scheduling process a waste of computational resources. Additionally, the offline scheduling method is quite complex owing to its lack of a hierarchy mechanism. To solve these problems, we propose a hierarchical scheduling method for the real-time scheduling problem. This method divides the scheduling process into three steps: pre-assignment, rough scheduling, and fine scheduling. A hierarchical scheduling algorithm based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. Tests with 36 scenarios show that the calculation time is efficiently reduced with this new mechanism. With this consideration of the dynamic environment, the re-scheduling process becomes unnecessary, meaning the wasting of computational resources is avoided and the solution profit is improved.     

分布式卫星嵌入式计算机系统结构设计方法

针对分布式卫星的运行环境和任务特点,综合考虑分布式卫星嵌入式计算机系统在可靠性、安全性和实时性方面的要求,提出了一种基于三级容错的主辅式双系统体系结构设计方法。论文分析了分布式卫星的特点和星上嵌入式计算机系统的设计要求,对三级容错设计、主辅式双系统安全设计以及基于可信平台模块(TPM)的辅系统设计进行了详细的阐述。该设计方法已成功应用于地面原理验证系统中,结果表明其可以很好地解决分布式卫星嵌入式计算机系统的可靠性、安全性和实时性问题。     

用于多模卫星导航信号接收的半球形阿基米德螺旋天线

平面阿基米德螺旋天线具有双向辐射特性,在实现单向辐射时会降低效率 。将平面阿基米德螺旋天线共形到局部半球上可以得到一种新型结构的半球形阿基米德 螺旋天线,分析了这种天线的结构特点,进行了仿真与实验,研究结果表明,在覆盖多模卫 星导航信号工作频率的1.1-1.7 GHz频段内,反射损耗小于-10 dB,增益大于3.9 dB,前后 比大于3.6 dB,相位中心稳定度小于2 mm,可满足宽频带圆极化多模卫星导航共用接收天线 的设计要求。
     

SBIRS-Low目标跟踪交接分析

对天基红外卫星系统低轨部分(SBIRS-Low)单星只测角的主动段跟踪交接进行了研究。提出了用插值和滤波两种方法计算目标视线(LOS)偏差的算法。仿真讨论了多项式阶数和时间窗长度对插值外推法的影响,以及插值外推法与滤波法性能的比较。结果表明:当预测时间小于30 s时,预测视线偏差小于0.4°,此时预测视线将以较大概率落入跟踪相机视场角1°×3°范围内,满足主动段跟踪交接条件,表明单星主动段跟踪交接具可行性。