自主姿态测量最优算法研究

针对利用地球重力场和磁场矢量观测进行自主姿态测量的应用问题,提出了一种新的最优递推估计算法。该算法采用卡尔曼滤波框架,利用加权统计线性回归并结合自适应滤波技术进行测量更新,与现有方法相比,在提高测量精度的同时,增加了同步提供姿态速率信息的功能。仿真结果表明,新算法的姿态估计精度比目前常用的直接计算方法提高近两倍。     

卡尔曼滤波初始条件对捷联惯导对准的影响

针对捷联惯导对准卡尔曼滤波器初始条件无法很准确给定的情况,研究了卡尔曼滤波器初始条件对捷联惯导对准精度的影响。分析了错误先验假设条件下卡尔曼滤波算法的误差,推导了滤波器计算均方误差与实际均方误差的关系。对于一般多元回归系数估计问题,比较了卡尔曼滤波算法与最小二乘算法,给出了当先验假设不准确时卡尔曼滤波算法优于最小二乘算法的一个充分条件。对捷联惯导静基座对准问题进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:合理选择初始均方误差矩阵能大大改善卡尔曼滤波启动阶段性能。初始均方误差矩阵选择为真实初始均方误差矩阵的一个较小上界是合理的。     

高距离分辨率雷达目标检测研究现状与进展

高距离分辨率雷达目标回波表现为距离扩展目标的形式,距离扩展目标检测技术是目前雷达信号处理领域的一个热门和难点问题。本文对这一技术的发展过程、研究现状及最新研究进展进行了较为全面的综述,主要从高斯背景、部分均匀环境及非高斯背景出发,对这一技术进行了介绍。最后对距离扩展目标检测方法做了总结,并对有待进一步研究和完善的问题进行了展望。     

耦合位置误差的机载惯性/星光组合算法研究

针对星敏测量输出的是惯性系下姿态信息,无法直接应用于实际的机载地理系下姿态组合导航,提出了地理系下耦合位置误差的机载惯性/星光组合滤波算法。该算法分析了
惯性姿态到地理系姿态之间的相互转换关系,在建立的地理系下姿态线性化量测方程基础上,通过引入导航位置误差转换矩阵,建立了星敏测量的惯性姿态到惯性导航计算输出的地理系姿态之间的耦合误差模型;同时针对姿态观测时高度通道不可观的特点,增加了气压高度输出为系统的观测量;实现了基于星敏测量的惯性系下姿态对地理系下惯性导航误差的直接修正。姿态耦合误差仿真结果表明该组合导航算法设计成功可行,为星敏在机载环境下的组合导航应用提供了新的思路。
     

关于卫星姿态确定非线性滤波算法的研究

本文探讨了利用方位矢量和陀螺速率观测信息确定卫星姿态的问题。该问题实际上是一个非线性/非高斯状态滤波问题,因此,经典的基于EKF和UKF算法的姿态滤波器有可能失败,尤其是当初始状态的先验估计不可能精确得知的情况下。近来,粒子滤波理论已经开始应用于姿态确定问题,但是,这类算法往往需要大量的“粒子”,这对有限计算能力来说是一个沉重的负担。为此,本文尝试利用双重滤波方法,在每个序贯估计过程中,将有陀螺姿态确定问题暂时分解为1个四元数估计问题和1个陀螺常漂参数估计问题。本文提出了2个双重滤波器,包括1个姿态确定双重粒子滤波器和1个姿态确定的混合型滤波器。这两者都采用一个相同的四元数粒子滤波器,但在粒子重采样和平滑处理方面,不同于近来提出的类似滤波器。至于陀螺常漂估计,双重粒子滤波器发展了一个辅助粒子滤波器,而混合滤波器中则发展了一个参数UKF滤波器。通过与经典的姿态确定滤波器的仿真比较,证实了本文新提的2个算法的有效性和优越性。
     

基于FD的微小型姿态系统的姿态估计算法

分别利用微惯性测量单元(MIMU,Micro Inertial Measurement Unit)中的3个加速度计与3个陀螺仪对载体的姿态角进行估计,同时,搭建捷联惯性导航系统,建立姿态误差方程,使用卡尔曼滤波估计载体姿态误差角.构造残差及统计量,利用状态残差检验的故障检测方法,对载体的运动状态进行分离,判断加速度计估计出的姿态角的可用性,对姿态角进行融合.既保证了姿态估计系统的动态性能,又提高了估计精度.由于使用微电子机械系统(MEMS,Micro Electro Mechanical System)惯性器件,使得姿态估计系统的体积小、重量轻、造价低,特别适于微小型载体使用.      

Remaining useful life prognostics for aeroengine based on superstatistics and information fusion

Remaining useful life（RUL） prognostics is a fundamental premise to perform conditionbased maintenance（CBM） for a system subject to performance degradation. Over the past decades,research has been conducted in RUL prognostics for aeroengine. However, most of the prognostics technologies and methods simply base on single parameter, making it hard to demonstrate the specific characteristics of its degradation. To solve such problems, this paper proposes a novel approach to predict RUL by means of superstatistics and information fusion. The performance degradation evolution of the engine is modeled by fusing multiple monitoring parameters, which manifest non-stationary characteristics while degrading. With the obtained degradation curve,prognostics model can be established by state-space method, and then RUL can be estimated when the time-varying parameters of the model are predicted and updated through Kalman filtering algorithm. By this method, the non-stationary degradation of each parameter is represented, and multiple monitoring parameters are incorporated, both contributing to the final prognostics. A case study shows that this approach enables satisfactory prediction evolution and achieves a markedly better prognosis of RUL.     

基于多层相似性用户聚类的推荐算法

为了降低数据稀疏性的影响,提高推荐系统的推荐生成质量,提出了一种基于多层相似性用户聚类的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法采用新的多层用户相似性度量,并将推荐过程分成了离线和在线两个部分。离线时,算法对基本用户数据进行预处理,并对基本用户聚类;在线时,算法利用已有的用户聚类寻找目标用户最近邻居,并产生推荐。实验表明,该算法不仅加快了推荐生成速度,而且提高了推荐质量,降低了约6%的平均绝对误差。     

基于高斯波束传输的高功率微波的大气击穿问题

提出了一种修正利用高斯波束传输高功率微波(High-Power Microwave,HPM)时的大气折射率的模型.在此模型中,把高斯波束横截面分成若干个同心圆环,并假定每一个同心圆环内的场强分布是均匀的.以基于电子流体力学方程和Maxwell方程的大气击穿理论,利用由实验数据拟合出来大气粒子的碰撞和大气电离参数,研究了高能量高斯波束的非线性传输,数值计算了在给定高斯波束参数时,在不同的压强下,波束以不同的电场强度、频率、脉冲宽度入射下的大气折射率.通过分析折射率的时间色散、空间色散以及时间空间色散,讨论了传输HPM脉冲的高斯波束的大气击穿问题,获得了一些有意义的结果.      

Understanding the mineralogy of a compositional anomaly north of the Korolev basin using Moon mineralogy mapper

The work attempts to understand the mineralogy of the reported geochemical anomaly located in the north – northeast region of the Korolev basin using Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M³) onboard Chandrayaan ?1 and other lunar datasets. To understand the mineralogy, colour composite images using integrated band depth parameters and mineral indices were prepared, and the M³ spectral signatures corresponding to the unique colours of these colours composites were investigated. Further, Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) deconvolution was applied to these spectra. The results of spectra studies reveal that the area is made up of heterogeneous lithologies, predominantly composed of anorthosite along with minor occurrences of pyroxene-bearing (both low-calcium and high-calcium variety) and spinel-bearing lithologies. Correlation of spectral studies with the morphology revealed that pyroxene was typically associated with fresh craters and their ejecta. Spinel was found to be ubiquitous and is well-dispersed, possibly distributed along with the ejecta blanket of large impact craters. This association hints that the pyroxene-hosted layer most likely occurs beneath the spinel-bearing layer. Such observed assemblages may have resulted from physical mixing during the impact cratering events. This mixed lithology could arise due to the mafic mineral-bearing ejecta of the South-Pole Aitken (SPA) basin and spinel-bearing Orientale ejecta. Korolev most likely impacted on a thick layer of SPA ejecta, and impact basins such as Hertzsprung and Orientale have occurred post-Korolev formation. Orientale being the youngest of the large impact basins, its ejecta carrying the light plain material would have overprinted the older SPA ejecta. Smaller impact craters would have churned the ejecta so that presently we observe a composite lithology with a variable abundance of pyroxene and spinel.