超临界RP-3管内换热特性实验

实验研究了超临界RP-3管内换热特性。实验段为2100mm长、外径2.2mm,内径1.8mm不锈钢管(材质:1Cr18Ni9Ti)。RP-3在5MPa压力下流经该实验管,采用近似等热流加热方式将其从127℃加热至427℃。通过测量0min,20min,30min,45min和60min时管外壁和流体温度得到管内对流换热系数hin沿流向分布、结焦对管内传热系数Kin影响。研究结果表明:在远离临界点的亚临界区域,hin随着RP-3温度上升逐渐增大;在近临界区管内对流换热系数迅速增加;而进入超临界区域后,hin保持在1.8×104W/(m·℃)附近;结焦对管内传热影响显著,Kin随结焦增多逐渐降低,而降幅逐渐减小。     

气相燃气速度对EPDM绝热材料烧蚀的影响

为了解气相燃气速度对EPDM绝热材料烧蚀的影响,在双基推进剂环境中对EPDM绝热材料进行了烧蚀试验研究。试验排除了粒子的作用,分析了两压强下的不同燃气速度环境中EPDM绝热材料的炭化烧蚀率、炭化层的结构特征以及成分分布。试验结果表明:燃气速度对炭化烧蚀率的影响较弱,对炭化层厚度的影响明显;不同燃气速度条件下炭化层断面具有相同的结构特点和相似的成分分布趋势;低燃气速度条件下烧蚀以热解炭化为主,高燃气速度条件下炭化层的机械破坏显著。试验结果可以用于进一步研究EPDM绝热材料烧蚀机理。     

气体在矿物油中扩散现象的可视化研究

介绍了利用马赫-泽德干涉仪法实现气体-矿物油扩散过程的可视化测量的原理、作用与意义。由于运用马赫-泽德干涉仪法获得的图像干涉条纹数及其图像的形状变化与折射率n直接与液体介质折射率相关,用马赫-泽德干涉仪法可获得十分清晰的影像。在N2,O2-矿物油扩散过程中,干涉条纹式样并未发生显著的紊乱变化,表明N2与O2气体在矿物油中发生扩散后,所引起的矿物油折射率变化过程较为缓慢。在CO2-矿物油扩散过程中,由于溶解的作用,矿物油近表面层中的气体溶解度增加,导致自然对流的出现。通过可视化测量,成功地观测到这一重要实验现象。同时,利用可视化技术,还可很好地判明对流出现的时间,从而确保扩散研究的有效性。     

燃气轮机叶片精铸蜡型陶芯夹紧元件布局优化研究

利用陶芯夹紧元件的布局优化方法可以解决燃气轮机叶片精铸蜡型的壁厚控制问题。首先,对注蜡过程进行模拟,得到陶芯的载荷变化曲线;然后,基于计算力学理论,建立陶芯在夹紧元件不完全约束下的运动模型,计算陶芯漂移量;接着,基于陶芯漂移与夹紧元件布局之间的映射模型,以减小陶芯漂移为优化目标,建立陶芯夹紧元件布局优化模型;最后,采用改进的遗传算法对夹紧元件布局方案进行优化。结果表明:陶芯夹紧元件优化方法可以有效控制陶芯的运动漂移,降低了蜡型壁厚偏差。     

水下爆轰燃气泡形态与激波传播过程研究

针对脉冲爆轰发动机在水下工作过程中形成的燃气射流问题,搭建了水下爆轰燃气实验系统,研究了第一个爆轰循环中燃气泡发展变化过程.建立了基于气液两相双流体模型的脉冲爆轰发动机水下喷射模型,采用时-空守恒元和求解元方法,模拟了爆轰波与水相互作用形成的激波的传播及衰减过程.研究结果表明:燃气射流冲击水面时,燃气泡形态在膨胀阶段受...     

充气式蓄能器参数选型方法研究

容积和预充气压力是充气式蓄能器的关键参数，对其动态性能（工作状态下，其压力与流量的输出性能）有较大影响。以某型飞机舵面应急型充气式蓄能器计算选型为例，基于Hypneu 仿真软件中的液压元件库，结合该型飞机液压系统的主要设计参数以及应急型蓄能器的工作原理，建立蓄能器作动仿真模型；在Hypneu中设置测试点记录仿真曲线，通过分析仿真曲线探究充气式蓄能器的关键参数对其动态性能的影响；结合理论计算与仿真分析，提出一套蓄能器参数选型方法，并通过试验验证该选型方法。结果表明：蓄能器的预充气压力越大，初始蓄能器输出的有效容积越小，减少预充气压力增加有效容积的同时会降低蓄能器的输出压力，试验结果与仿真结果接近，使用该方法选型的蓄能器可以满足作动要求。     

An FV-EE model to predict lean blowout limits for gas turbine combustors with different structures and sprays

The occurrence of Lean Blowout(LBO) is a disadvantage that endangers a stable operation of gas turbines. A determination of LBO limits is essential in the design of gas turbine combustors. A semiempirical model is one of the most widely used methods to predict LBO limits.Among the existing semiempirical models for predicting LBO limits, Lefebvre’s LBO model and the Flame Volume(FV) model are particularly suitable for gas turbine combustors. On the basis of Lefebvre’s and FV models, the concept o...     

Numerical simulation method of surge experiments on gas turbine engines

In order to obtain the surge margin of an aero-engine during its operation, an engine surge experiment is required. A multi-dimensional simulation method for an aero-engine is established in this paper. The simulation of a surge experiment using high-pressure air-injection is then carried out on a turbo-shaft engine to obtain the surge boundary using this method. More specifically, firstly, a body-force model is employed to calculate the compressor performance owing to its capability of capturin...     

Digital twin model of gas turbine and its application in warning of performance fault

The digital twin-driven performance model provides an attractive option for the warn gas-path faults of the gas turbines. However, three technical difficulties need to be solved: (1) low modeling precision caused by individual differences between gas turbines, (2) poor solution efficiency due to excessive iterations, and (3) the false alarm and missing alarm brought by the traditional fixed threshold method. This paper proposes a digital twin model-based early warning method for gas-path faults that breaks through the above obstacles from three aspects. Firstly, a novel performance modeling strategy is proposed to make the simulation effect close to the actual gas turbine by fusing the mechanism model and measurement data. Secondly, the idea of controlling the relative accuracy of model parameters is developed. The introduction of an error module to the existing model can greatly shorten the modeling cycle. The third solution focuses on the early warning based on the digital twin model, which self-learns the alarm threshold of the warning feature of gas-path parameters using the kernel density estimation. The proposed method is utilized to analyze actual measured data of LM2500 +, and the results verify that the new-built digital model has higher accuracy and better efficiency. The comparisons show that the proposed method shows evident superiority in early warning of performance faults for gas turbines over other methods.     

复合材料气瓶热防护材料隔热性能试验研究

以复合材料气瓶热防护材料的耐高温及隔热性能为研究对象，通过真空舱模拟上面级飞行段的真空环境，采用石英灯阵模拟热源，对两种热防护方案开展真空热试验，分析了不同材料（组合）、多层隔热组件不同单元的隔热性能及其差异产生的原因。结果表明两种防热方案都可使气瓶壁面温度满足不超过70 ℃的温度要求，其中“柔性隔热毡+中温多层”组合防热结构的耐温和隔热性能更优，并通过理论计算与试验值对比验证了热仿真计算中的不确定性，试验结果可为后续型号防热设计提供参考。