高温燃气流超声速风洞扩压器热防护设计

为实现高热流环境下高温燃气流超声速风洞系统的重复使用,采用数值方法对扩压器热环境进行了分析,采用沸腾换热方法对扩压器进行了热防护设计,并通过试验验证了沸腾换热理论应用的可行性。结果表明,沸腾换热在水流速2m/s的情况下可实现热流2MW/m 2的热防护,应用沸腾换热可以有效降低设计难度,在较低的速度和压力损失下达到更好的换热效果。     

Modeling gravity effects on water retention and gas transport characteristics in plant growth substrates

Growing plants to facilitate life in outer space, for example on the International Space Station (ISS) or at planned deep-space human outposts on the Moon or Mars, has received much attention with regard to NASA’s advanced life support system research. With the objective of in situ resource utilization to conserve energy and to limit transport costs, native materials mined on Moon or Mars are of primary interest for plant growth media in a future outpost, while terrestrial porous substrates with optimal growth media characteristics will be useful for onboard plant growth during space missions. Due to limited experimental opportunities and prohibitive costs, liquid and gas behavior in porous substrates under reduced gravity conditions has been less studied and hence remains poorly understood. Based on ground-based measurements, this study examined water retention, oxygen diffusivity and air permeability characteristics of six plant growth substrates for potential applications in space, including two terrestrial analogs for lunar and Martian soils and four particulate substrates widely used in reduced gravity experiments. To simulate reduced gravity water characteristics, the predictions for ground-based measurements (1 − g) were scaled to two reduced gravity conditions, Martian gravity (0.38 − g) and lunar gravity (0.16 − g), following the observations in previous reduced gravity studies. We described the observed gas diffusivity with a recently developed model combined with a new approach that estimates the gas percolation threshold based on the pore size distribution. The model successfully captured measured data for all investigated media and demonstrated the implications of the poorly-understood shift in gas percolation threshold with improved gas percolation in reduced gravity. Finally, using a substrate-structure parameter related to the gaseous phase, we adequately described the air permeability under reduced gravity conditions.     

A novel model-based multivariable framework for aircraft gas turbine engine limit protection control

Control technologies are innovated to satisfy increasingly complicated control demands of gas turbine engines. In terms of limit protection control, a novel model-based multivariable limit protection control method, which is achieved by adaptive command reconstruction and multiple-control loop selection and switch logic, is proposed in this paper to address the problem of balancing smaller thrust loss and safe operations by comparing with widely-used Min-Max logic. Five different combination modes of control loops, which represent the online control loop of last time instant and that of current time instant, is analyzed. Different command reconstructions are designed for these modes, which is based on static gain conversion of amplitude beyond limits by using an onboard model. The double-prediction based control loop selection and switch logic is developed to choose a control loop appropriately by comparing converted amplitude beyond limits regardless of one or more parameters tending to exceed limits. The proposed method is implemented in a twin-spool turbofan engine to achieve limit protection with direct thrust control, and the loss of thrust is improved by about 30% in comparison with the loss of thrust caused by Min-Max logic when limit protection control is activated, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

回流型脉冲爆震燃烧室工作特性分析 “爆震专刊”

为了获得回流型脉冲爆震燃烧室在不同工作频率下的工作特性,通过试验和数值相结合的方法对该爆震室工作频率10~30Hz时的出口燃气总压、总温、流量变化规律以及该爆震室的增压能力进行了测试与计算分析。结果表明：出口燃气总压、总温具有极高的峰值和较高的平台区,其工作频率10~30Hz时,压力平台值为0.36~0.91MPa,时均温度为710~1270K。此外,该爆震室排气流量十分集中,以10Hz为例,在一个爆震循环的16%时间,排出了整个循环60.5%的燃气。为此对出口燃气总压进行质量加权平均,发现该爆震室的增压比随工作频率的增加而降低,在2.37~2.05之间。     

改进的双PWM型直驱永磁风电机组并网控制策略

在分析直驱永磁同步风力机速度环特性的基础上,推导出机侧脉宽调制(PWM)变流器速度控制环的闭环传递函数。由于该传递函数中存在非原点闭环零点,提出了一种改进的PI控制策略,消除了非原点闭环零点,改善了系统在受扰时的动态特性,提高了并网电流的波形质量,并将其策略应用于网侧PWM变流器的控制。仿真结果表明,改进的PI控制策略能够有效减少机侧和网侧控制系统动态响应时的超调量,加快系统响应速度,提高整个双PWM型直驱永磁同步风电系统并网运行的稳定性。     

宇航压力容器表面裂纹的断裂判据

用非线性线弹簧模型,对含有表面裂纹的球瓶破坏性实验结果进行了弹塑性断裂力学分析。讨论了对宇航薄壁压力容器表面裂纹建立安全评定标准的必要性。采用线弹性断裂力学分析方法可能给出危险的结果。将J_(m.d.p)=J_(IC)作为宇航压力容器表面裂纹弹塑性断裂的判据,具有准确,简便的优点。     

气体燃料燃烧强化和污染控制的分析与探讨

本篇通过燃气燃烧特性的分析，指出了强化燃烧的措施，并通过燃气燃烧污染因素的分析，指出了污染控制的措施。     

摩擦力和气体压力对双节套筒式喷管展开的影响

分析计算了作动筒内摩擦力、延伸出口锥端面密封摩擦力、大气压力及喷管中燃气压力对双节套筒式延伸喷管展开特性的影响,其分析计算方法对双节套筒式延伸喷管设计及展开时间预估有指导作用。     

燃气轮机过渡过程中叶尖间隙估算及间隙变化对加速过程的影响

给出了一种估算燃气轮机加、减速过程中叶尖间隙及效率随时间变化的简化方法。算例结果与国外文献的对比表明该方法是可行的且有一定的准确度。      

涡扇发动机可变几何参数调节对性能影响的分析

对于混合排气加力涡扇发动机可变几何参数调节对其性能的影响进行了分析研究, 结果表明在超声速飞行条件下调节几何参数对于改善性能有显着效果。