工艺装备结构与孔系加工精度的工艺分析

根据公差项目的特征要求，对某产品零件孔系加工的生产实际进行了工艺分析，对造成零件孔系加工误差的各项因素进行了定性和定量分析，找出了造成误差的根本原因是工艺装备结构设计带来的系统误差过大和加工工艺方法的缺陷的影响。在此分析的基础上对工艺装备的设计进行了改进，并对加工工艺进行了相应的调整，达到了预期的加工目的。这种技术工作方法，对生产现场的工程技术人员来说是基本要求，也是解决机械制造工艺问题的有效途径。     

一种新型气泡雾化喷嘴水平喷射特性的研究

研究了一种新型锥面注气方式的气泡雾化喷嘴，用水和压缩空气在常温常压下试验了水平喷射时结构和工作参数对雾化及流场特性的影响，用2D-PDA测量了液雾的平均直径尺寸分布和速度分布。结果表明，注气孔的尺寸及数目均对雾化特性产生一定影响；气泡发生器的锥角存在一最佳值，对于本文研究的结构，60°锥角可达到良好的雾化；混合段长度也存在一最佳值范围，提高液体的喷射压力和气液比，能够改善雾化，增大液雾的速度。实验结果表明，锥面多孔注气能有效地抑制水平喷射情况下由浮力产生的气泡聚合，能够使气泡均匀分布，实现稳定、连续的雾化。     

燃气轮机燃烧室中贴体网格的生成与应用

运用贴体坐标系统分别对燃气轮机燃烧室的冷态和热态流场进行了数值模拟。燃烧室的曲线壁面边界用Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ的非正交贴体坐标网格处理，并把ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法应用到曲线坐标系下求解各守恒方程。采用双方程ｋ－ε模型来描述紊流特性；采用按简单的单步化学反应假设的Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ－ＥＢＵ模型表述紊流燃烧；采用热通量法辐射模型来估算辐射通量和壁面温度。另外，还研究了冷态时不同旋流数和紊流强度对气流结构的影响。     

X-ray observations of black-hole accretion disks

Our current theoretical and observational understandings of the accretion disks around Galactic black-holes are reviewed. Historically, a simple phenomenological accretion disk model has been used to interpret X-ray observations. Although such a phenomenological interpretation is still useful, high quality X-ray data from contemporary instruments allow us to test more realistic accretion disk models. In a simple and ideal case, the standard optically thick accretion disk model is successful to explain observations, such that the inner disk radius is constant at three times the Schwarzschild radius over large luminosity variations. However, when disk luminosity is close to or exceeds the Eddington luminosity, the standard disk model breaks, and we have to consider the “slim disk” solution in which radial energy advection is dominant. Recent observations of Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs), which may not be explained by the standard disk model, strongly suggest the slim disk solution. We compare theoretical X-ray spectra from the slim disk with observed X-ray spectra of ULXs. We have found that the slim disk model is successful to explain ULX spectra, in terms of the massive stellar black-holes with several tens of solar mass and the super-Eddington mass accretion rates. In order to explain the large luminosities (>10⁴⁰ ergs s⁻¹) of ULXs, “intermediate black-holes” (>100M) are not required. Slim disks around massive stellar black-holes of up to several tens of solar mass would naturally explain the observed properties of ULXs.     

魔洞型单脉冲激波管

本文叙述了力学所激波管实验室建造的魔洞型单脉冲激波管的结构尺寸,气动特性及测量系统,使用证明这套单脉冲激波管装置是成功的。本文提出了关于魔洞作用机制的一个简单模型:对入射激波而言,魔洞的作用相当于低压室入口处有一膨胀段;对反射激波而言,魔洞的作用相当于一个有流动的分叉管。     

Gas permeability and flow characterization of simulated lunar regolith

Recent discoveries of water ice trapped within lunar topsoil (regolith) have placed a new emphasis on the recovery and utilization of water for future space exploration. Upon heating the lunar ice to sublimation, the resulting water vapor could theoretically transmit through the lunar regolith, to be captured on the surface. As the permeability of lunar regolith is essential to this process, this paper seeks to experimentally determine the permeability and flow characteristics of various gas species through simulated lunar regolith (SLR). Two different types of SLR were compacted and placed into the permeability setup to measure the flow-rate of transmitted gas through the sample. Darcy’s permeability constant was calculated for each sample and gas combination, and flow characteristics were determined from the results. The results show that Darcy’s permeability constant varies with SLR compaction density, and identified no major difference in permeable flow between the several tested gas species. Between the two tested SLR types, JSC-1A was shown to be more permeable than NU-LHT under similar conditions. In addition, a transition zone was identified in the flow when the gas pressure differential across the sample was less than ∼40 kPa.     

多种示漏气体分析仪的研制

借鉴欧洲空间中心所用检漏仪的原理及主要技术措施，采用分子泵和机械泵的真空获得系统、钛升华泵和旁通阀真空维持系统、高灵敏的质谱分析系统，研制出了一次能检测出多个系统的高灵敏的多种示漏气体分析仪。文章介绍该分析仪的原理、设计方案、设计特点、设计计算。进行了性能测试，结果表明：该分析仪在大气环境条件下，最小可检测Ｈｅ，ＣＦ４的浓度小于５×１０－８，对Ｎｅ小于５×１０－７。     

红外型空空导弹攻击区"黑洞"研究

对某型第三代红外空空导弹的不可攻击区，即“黑洞”进行了分析，并利用数学仿真进行验证，证实了“黑洞”的存在，通过对攻击区中“黑洞”产生的原因和主要影响因素的研究和分析，以及在比例导引系数进行优化设计的基础上，提出了消除“黑洞”的方法和工程实施途径，仿真计算结果表明，该方法能效地提高导弹的制导精度，消除了攻击区中的“黑洞”改善了导弹的全向攻击能力。     

直流大电流原位检测

本文提出了一种直流大电流的测量方法。直流电信号首先经磁路转换成磁场信号然后经霍尔传感器的磁场信号转换电压信号后，输出到仪表放大器和单片机进行处理并显示出被测电流。     

内冷通道带肋和出流孔壁面的换热研究

采用热色液晶瞬态测量技术对带有肋和单排出流孔的内流通道进行了换热实验研究.实验在主流雷诺数Re为20000～80000和出流比Br为0.30～0.60情况下,测量了通道内全表面换热系数分布,重点分析了主流雷诺数和出流比对换热的影响.实验结果显示:①出流孔附近区域的换热得到强化;肋前的换热系数大于肋后的换热系数;②出流比和雷诺数的改变对全表面的换热分布规律影响不大;③在本实验的参数范围下,出流比的增加对全表面的换热系数和换热增强程度基本没什么影响;雷诺数的增加使得全表面的换热系数增大,换热增强程度减弱.