惰性气体整体保护焊接室内气体压力变化分析

针对空间飞行器越来越广泛地使用钛合金材料及材料在传统焊接加工中存在的问题,研制了惰性气体整体保护焊接设备。保护的可靠性与焊接室内的惰性气体纯度密切相关,当利用提高焊接室内的压力这一经济有效的方法来维持焊接室内的气体纯度时,压力的变化则成为我们关心的焦点。分析了惰性气体整体保护焊接工作室中气体压力在焊接操作中的变化情况;讨论了焊接操作带来的对焊接室内气体压力的影响;指出为了在各种情况下使焊接工作室内保护环境免遭破坏必须采用的措施。     

带集气腔的脉冲射流冲击换热实验和数值研究

实验和数值研究了带集气腔的单股脉冲射流冲击平直靶面对流换热特性。实验测试的脉冲频率(f)为5~40 Hz,射流雷诺数(Re)为5 000~15 000,脉冲占空比(R)为0.2~0.8,射流冲击间距比(H/d)为2~10;相对于实验测试,数值计算的参数范围有所拓宽,即5 Hz≤f≤200 Hz,5 000≤Re≤20 000,0.2≤R≤1.0。研究结果表明,与无集气腔脉冲射流相比,带集气腔的脉冲射流能够增强对流换热,在驻点附近的努塞尔数大约有8%~19%的提高;集气腔的存在,在射流出口处形成紧缩效应而提高脉冲值班阶段的射流趋近靶面速度,同时在非值班阶段能够形成一定的流动惯性效应。在研究的参数范围内,存在特定的、相对较优的脉冲参数,如f=80 Hz,R=0.8,对于受限空间的脉冲射流冲击,H/d=4是相对较优的射流冲击间距比。      

机身骨架装配柔性工装设计

为解决当前飞机机身装配工装效率低、定位精度不高、通用性差等问题,根据飞机机身结构,分析其装配需求,采用模块化设计思想,研制了面向机身骨架的"龙门式"柔性装配工装。该套柔性工装能够适应截面直径尺寸小于3m、机身筒段长度3~5m的产品,通过伺服电机驱动、手工调整以及更换特殊定位器等来实现对新类型机身的定位。工装操作简单、适应性强,能够以较低的成本提供较大的柔性。     

冲击-多斜孔壁复合冷却中冲击孔与多斜孔面积比对换热特性的影响

用数值计算的方法研究了冲击-多斜孔壁复合冷却方式的冷却特性,在保证当量开孔面积相同且压降相同的前提下,研究了冲击孔壁与多斜孔壁开孔面积比A_i/A_e变化对冷却特性的影响.研究发现,随着冲击孔与多斜孔开孔面积比减小,多斜孔壁气膜出流速度降低,气膜覆盖增强,冲击传热系数呈增大趋势,使得模型冷却效果增强;多斜孔壁热侧、冷侧与多斜孔孔内换热量随开孔面积比减小而减小,多斜孔内换热量在模型总体换热量中所占比例逐渐增加.      

From Coma Abundances to Nucleus Composition

A major goal of comet research is to determine conditions in the outer solar nebula based on the chemical composition and structure of comet nuclei. The old view was to use coma abundances directly for the chemical composition of the nucleus. However, since the composition of the coma changes with heliocentric distance, r, the new view is that the nucleus composition msut be determined from analysis of coma mixing ratios as a function of r. Taking advantage of new observing technology and the early detection of the very active Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) allows us to determine the coma mixing ratios over a large range of heliocentric distances. In our analysis we assume three sources for the coma gas: (1) the surface of the nucleus (releasing water vapor), (2) the interior of the porous nucleus (releasing many species more volatile than water), and (3) the distributed source (releasing gases from ices and hydrocarbon polycondensates trapped and contained in coma dust). Molecules diffusing inside the nucleus are sublimated by heat transported into the interior. The mixing ratios in the coma are modeled assuming various chemical compositions and structural parameters of the spinning nucleus as it moves in its orbit from large heliocentric distance through perihelion. We have combined several sets of observational data of Comet Hale-Bopp for H₂O (from OH) and CO, covering the spectrum range from radio to UV. Many inconsistencies in the data were uncovered and reported to the observers for a reanalysis. Since post-perihelion data are still sparse, we have combined pre- and post-perihelion data. The resulting mixing ratio of CO relative to H₂O as a function of r is presented with a preliminary analysis that still needs to be expanded further. Our fit to the data indicates that the total CO release rate (from the nucleus and distributed sources) relative to that of H₂O is 30% near perihelion. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

气膜孔图像对焦评价函数的实验研究

为了使工业影像测头能够正确对焦于气膜孔的出口表面,开展了对焦评价函数选取的实验研究。首先,分析了各类对焦评价函数的特性、要求及优缺点,并确定选择灰度梯度函数用于图像序列的清晰度评价;然后,考察了Brenner梯度函数、Tenengrad梯度函数和Laplacian梯度函数等5种具有代表性的灰度梯度函数,通过实验获得了它们的函数曲线,并进行归一化处理和比较分析,最终确定Laplacian梯度函数作为系统的对焦评价函数,并进行了重复性验证。实验结果表明,Laplacian梯度函数可以正确判别出被测气膜孔的对焦位置,且对焦重复性小于0.005mm,满足气膜孔形位参数的检测要求。     

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统和实验研究

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统在计算机控制下,采用电容薄膜规、光栅尺、铂电阻温度计等高精度传感器测出变容室内气体的压力、体积变化、温度等参量;并在流量测量的动态过程中将变客室内气体的压力波动控制在±０．０１％之内;工作软件实现了对气体微流量标准装置的计算机自动化控制和管理。气体激流量标准装置可以标准１７．１～１．２２×１０－５ＰａＬ／ｓ范围内的气体流量,校准不确定度小于１．９３％;目前它已用于标准漏孔的标定和实用型气体流量计的校准工作中。     

复合推进剂中使用的改性硝酸铵

介绍了国内外改善硝酸铵多晶现象和吸湿性的一些研究成果。     

典型层板冷却结构热疲劳破坏特性研究

针对三种不同形式的典型层板冷却结构,设计加工了高温合金材料试验件.模拟涡轮冷却叶片在实际发动机中的高温工作环境,通过冷热循环加载方式试验研究每种层板冷却结构的热疲劳寿命,分析其破坏部位及破坏原因,并与数值计算结果进行了对比.结果表明:层板冷却结构热疲劳裂纹出现在排气板气膜孔附近,并沿气膜孔纵向扩展,内表面扩展程度大于外表面.在三种层板冷却结构中,211型层板冷却结构热疲劳寿命最低,161型和141型层板冷却结构热疲劳寿命相当.     

Experimental and numerical studies of a lean-burn internally-staged combustor

A lean-burn internally-staged combustor for low emissions that can be used in civil avi-ation gas turbines is introduced in this paper. The main stage is designed and optimized in terms of fuel evaporation ratio, fuel/air pre-mixture uniformity, and particle residence time using commer-cial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） software. A single-module rectangular combustor is adopted in performance tests including lean ignition, lean blowout, combustion efficiency, emis-sions, and combustion oscillation using aviation kerosene. Furthermore, nitrogen oxides （NOx） emission is also predicted using CFD simulation to compare with test results. Under normal inlet temperature, this combustor can be ignited easily with normal and negative inlet pressures. The lean blowout fuel/air ratio （LBO FAR） at the idle condition is 0.0049. The fuel split proportions between the pilot and main stages are determined through balancing emissions, combustion efficiency, and combustion oscillation. Within the landing and take-off （LTO） cycle, this combustor enables 42%NOx reduction of the standard set by the 6th Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection （CAEP/6） with high combustion efficiency. The maximum board-band pressure oscillations of inlet air and fuel are below 1%of total pressure during steady-state operations at the LTO cycle specific conditions.