内孔结构对旋转空化发生器水力特性的影响

空化普遍存在于工业生产、舰船推进、航空航天等领域.使用高速相机对闭式循环试验台的旋转空化发生器内部流动进行试验观测,然后基于RNG k-s湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型开展了旋转空化发生器流场的数值模拟.结果表明数值模拟结果与试验观测数据吻合较好,验证了本文数值模拟方法的准确性和可靠性.受离...     

加工钛合金大口径深盲孔的研究

钛合金属难加工材料,其深孔加工的难度更为突出,加工质量不易保证。本文通过实验对比,对加工钛合金大口径深盲孔中出现的偏孔、切屑堵塞、切削振动、刀具破损等主要问题进行了分析,提出了解决办法,得出了切削用量的优化参数。由于钛合金的化学亲和作用,深孔加工刀具的导向条表面易于粘附,结果拉伤已加工表面,造成表面粗糙度上升。加大导向条与孔壁的间隙虽可减少导向条表面的粘附,但同时会引起切削振动的加剧。针对这一矛盾,本文着重对加工刀具的导向条分布、导向条与孔壁的间隙以及导向条的选材方面进行了探讨,提出了以非金属导向条代替硬质合金导向条进行钛合金深孔精加工的方法,使得已加工表面的粗糙度大大降低。这些研究结果对实际加工具有一定的指导作用。     

基于流体网络法的喷管冷却气流量分配计算方法

流体网络法对喷管气膜冷却问题具有独特的优势,但难以反映出入流对冷却气流道静压变化的影响。针对此引入了可反映出入流导致静压变化的管道元件,并基于孔口速度落后角对静压变化量进行了建模。验证算例表明,这一改进使沿程静压变化趋势与实际吻合较好,使冷却气流量分配计算误差降低到0.5%以下。将改进后的流体网络法与主流通道的计算流体力学模拟耦合用于分析喷管冷却气流量分配,与全计算流体力学模拟相比结果差异小于1.2%,且大幅降低计算量;在某型喷管设计中的应用表明,可以有效反映冷却结构改变对冷却气流量分配的影响。      

1.5级涡轮前后轮缘密封封严流动特性研究

为了研究前后腔轮缘密封封严特性和封严出流与主流的交互作用,对转静叶片之间带有前后封严腔的1.5级涡轮进行了三维定常数值模拟,研究了不同封严流量下前后封严腔出口处流场分布并采用附加变量法对比分析了前后腔轮缘密封效率。结果表明：前封严腔主流燃气入侵位置主要受到来自上游导叶尾迹的影响,后封严腔主流燃气入侵位置主要受到下游导叶前缘位势场影响;封严出流影响了20%叶高以下的主流区域,增大了轮毂二次流强度;采用相同封严流量下时前封严腔的封严效率较后腔更低且有着更大的封严效率波动。     

弹射动力系统燃气发生器流热固耦合数值研究

为了判断弹射动力系统燃气发生器工作的安全性,需要预示工作过程中燃气发生器壳体的力学响应。基于软件CFX和ANSYS,建立了燃气发生器复合结构流热固耦合仿真模型。对燃气发生器内流场和结构温度场进行流热耦合计算,并将壳体温度场计算结果与试验数据进行对比,再将算得的燃气压强分布与结构温度场分布导入ANSYS以计算结构的力学响应。计算结果表明,燃气发生器工作过程中,直筒段最高温度点位于直筒段与后封头连接的绝热层缝隙处,后封头最高温度点位于后封头与喉衬配合部位的上游端。结构最高温度值仅354K,说明热防护良好;直筒段和后封头壳体主体区域应力安全系数>3,满足设计要求,而在法兰附近圆角过渡处外壁存在应力集中,最大应力处安全系数降为1.13,燃气发生器壳体仍处于安全状态,但存在安全裕度显著降低的风险。     

Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

国外GAP推进剂研制现状

综述了缩水甘油叠氮聚醚(GAP)及其推进剂的热、力学及弹道性能,GAP推进剂有较高的燃速和能量,但其燃速压强指数和温度敏感系数偏高。GAP推进剂的力学性能较差,改性GAP和支化GAP更具吸引力。GAP推进剂可用于燃气发生剂、微烟推进剂、高能推进剂及改性双基推进剂。     

日地共转扰动似稳结构及其反相和漂移规律的最新证据

日地共转扰动似稳结构及其反相现象在第２１及２２周再次显现，从而证实了上述发现是一种在长达世记的时间尺度内存在的普遍规律。包括１９９１－１９９２年内的百年地磁扰动资料还说明偶数太阳周的共转似稳结构扰动峰有逆太阳自转而线性性漂移的趋向。对即将来临的极小年前可能出现的共转扰动作了试验性的预测。