舰载飞机总体设计关键约束分析

舰载飞机除了必须具有陆基飞机应有的设计要求外,还需要考虑其特殊的起降方式和使用环境、独特的结构/机构设计特点等因素,其设计难度比陆基飞机大.本文以支援类舰载飞机为研究对象,分别从机/舰适配性、动力、结构、座舱设计等方面对舰载飞机总体设计过程中所遇到的主要问题和关键约束进行分析,总结归纳出舰载飞机设计时需要关注的特殊设计约束.在前期方案论证和初步设计阶段,为舰载飞机的总体设计提供了一定参考.     

‘Spectro-temporal’ characteristics and disk-jet connection of the outbursting black hole source XTE J1859+226

We re-investigated the ‘spectro-temporal’ behavior of the source XTE J1859+226 in X-rays during its outburst phase in 1999, by analysing the RXTE PCA/HEXTE data in 2–150 keV spectral band. Detailed analysis shows that the source evolves through different spectral states during its entire outburst as indicated by the variation in the spectral and temporal characteristics. Although the evolution pattern of the outburst followed the typical q-shaped profile, we observed an absence of ‘canonical’ soft state and a weak presence of ‘secondary’ emission during the decay phase of the outburst. The broad-band spectra, modeled with high energy cutoff, shows that the fold-energy increases monotonically in the hard and hard-intermediate states followed by a random variation in the soft-intermediate state. We attempted to estimate the mass of the source based on the evolution of Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) frequencies during rising phase modeled with the propagating oscillatory shock solution, and from the correlation of photon index and QPO frequency. It is also observed that during multiple ejections (observed as radio flares) the QPO frequencies are not present in the power spectra and there is an absence of lag in the soft to hard photons. The disk flux increases along with a decrease in the high energy flux, implying the soft nature of the spectrum. These results are the ‘possible’ indication that the inner part of the disk (i.e., Comptonized corona), which could be responsible for the generation of QPO and for the non-thermal Comptonized component of the spectrum, is disrupted and the matter gets evacuated in the form of jet. We attempted to explain the complex behavior of ‘spectro-temporal’ properties of the source during the entire outburst and the nature of the disk-jet connection before, during and after the ejection events in the context of two different types of accreting flow material, in presence of magnetic field.     

The Structure of the Chromosphere Properties Pertaining to Element Fractionation

We review the structure and dynamics of the solar chromosphere with emphasis on the quiet Sun and properties that are relevant to element fractionation mechanisms. Attention is given to the chromospheric magnetic field, its connections to the photosphere, and to the dynamical evolution of the chromosphere. While some profound advances have been made in the “unmagnetized” chromosphere, our knowledge of the magnetically controlled chromosphere, more relevant for the discussion of element fractionation, is limited. Given the dynamic nature of the chromosphere and the poorly understood magnetic linkage to the corona, it is unlikely that we will soon know the detailed processes leading to FIP fractionation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Testing the no-hair theorem with observations of black holes in the electromagnetic spectrum

According to the no-hair theorem, astrophysical black holes are uniquely described by their mass and spin. In this paper, we review a new framework for testing the no-hair hypothesis with observations in the electromagnetic spectrum. The approach is formulated in terms of a Kerr-like spacetime containing a quadrupole moment that is independent of both mass and spin. If the no-hair theorem is correct, then any deviation from the Kerr metric quadrupole has to be zero. We show how upcoming VLBI imaging observations of Sgr A∗ as well as spectroscopic observations of iron lines from accreting black holes with IXO may lead to the first astrophysical test of the no-hair theorem.     

A MHD-turbulence model for solar corona

The disposition of energy in the solar corona has always been a problem of great interest. It remains an open question how the low temperature photosphere supports the occurence of solar extreme phenomena. In this work, a turbulent heating mechanism for the solar corona through the framework of reduced magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) is proposed. Two-dimensional incompressible long time simulations of the average energy disposition have been carried out with the aim to reveal the characteristics of the long time statistical behavior of a two-dimensional cross-section of a coronal loop and the importance of the photospheric time scales in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. It was found that for a slow, shear type photospheric driving the magnetic field in the loop self-organizes at large scales via an inverse MHD cascade. The system undergoes three distinct evolutionary phases. The initial forcing conditions are quickly “forgotten” giving way to an inverse cascade accompanied with and ending up to electric current dissipation. Scaling laws are being proposed in order to quantify the nonlinearity of the system response which seems to become more impulsive for decreasing resistivity. It is also shown that few, if any, qualitative changes in the above results occur by increasing spatial resolution.     

浅析商务英语专业实践课程的评价方法

随着高校教育为区域经济发展服务意识的加强，各高校在商务英语的课程设置中加大了实践课程的比重。而有效的评估对实践教学的开展有着非常积极的作用，可以帮助师生有效监控实践过程和改进实践内容。因此，商务英语专业实践课程的评价研究已经成为促进商务英语专业建设的重要支撑。     

Analysis and control of inter-electrode gap during leveling process in counter-rotating electrochemical machining

The inter-electrode gap (IEG) is an essential parameter for the anode shaping process in electrochemical machining (ECM) and directly affects the machining accuracy. In this paper, the IEG during the leveling process of an oval anode workpiece in counter-rotating ECM (CRECM) is investigated. The variation of the minimum IEG is analyzed theoretically, and the results indicate that rather than reaching equilibrium, the minimum IEG in CRECM expands constantly when a constant feed speed is used for the cathode tool. This IEG expansion leads to a poor localization effect and has an adverse influence on the roundness of the machined workpiece. To maintain a small constant IEG in CRECM, a variable feed speed is used for the cathode based on a fitted equation. The theoretical results show that the minimum IEG can be controlled at a small value by using an accelerated feed speed. Experiments have been conducted using a specific experimental apparatus in which the cathode tool is designed as a combined structure of two sectors and a thin sheet. By detecting the machining currents flowing through the minimum IEG, how the latter varies is obtained indirectly. The results indicate that using an accelerated feed speed is effective for controlling the IEG, thereby improving the roundness of the machined workpiece.     

电动通用飞机复合材料结构设计及验证技术

为了设计和制造出重量轻、工艺简单且经济实惠的电动通用飞机,提出了一种新型的复合材料结构设计和验证方法。对飞机的载荷传递进行了理论分析,采用CATIA对飞机结构进行建模,并使用PATRAN/NASTRAN进行了强度计算,根据计算结果,优化了复合材料铺层设计,采用二维图纸的形式快速完成发图。对所采用复合材料的组件和整机进行了一系列的力学试验验证,形成了一套适合轻型飞机的结构快速试验验证方法。根据不同类型零部件的特点采用不同的制造工艺,使生产成本和周期得到有效控制。设计结果、试验数据的有效性和工艺质量的可靠性已经在锐翔RX1E电动双座飞机上得到了证实,该飞机的各项性能满足设计指标要求。     

IMA平台分区分析方法研究

依照综合模块化航空电子系统（Integrated modular avionics ,IMA）平台的健壮性分区特点,IMA平台必须能够为驻留应用和驻留功能提供健壮分区隔离和其他保护能力,这些措施要允许多个驻留应用共享一个平台及平台上的资源,且自身的资源支持系统级分布功能在容错网络上运行。根据综合模块化航空电子系统开发指南与认证考虑RTCA DO-297标准中关于IMA平台健壮性分区、安全性以及认可证明数据的要求,本文对IMA平台分区分析展开研究,重点对IMA平台及其组件通用处理模块（General processing module, GPM）、航空数据网络ARINC664交换机和远程数据集中器（Remote data concentrator, RDC）进行分区分析方法的研究。给出每个组件的分区分析策略和目标,明确每个任务需要进行的活动,为IMA平台及其组件的健壮性分析、缓解潜在风险、安全性分析和认可提供充足的证据。     

非理想均匀圆阵的波达方向和多普勒频率联合估计

针对均匀圆阵存在一般阵列误差 (如阵元的幅相误差和安装位置误差等 )的情况 ,提出了多个信号的波达方向和多普勒频率估计方法。直接利用均匀圆阵的阵列流形 ,采用波达矩阵法估计各个信号的多普勒频率。由一般阵列误差的统计特性构造加权矩阵 ,采用加权总体最小二乘法估计各个信号的波达方向。此方法具有鲁棒性强等特点。计算机仿真证明了此方法的有效性