近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统Simulink仿真研究

近空间高超声速飞行器具有高动态性特点,能实现精确打击,要保证其高精度,导航系统是关键。惯性导航技术具有可靠性好、输出连续的优点,是近空间巡航飞行器的核心导航系统。本文利用Simulink与M语言结合完成对近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的仿真研究。构建了近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的Simulink仿真模型,通过对静基座下的惯导导航误差进行分析,验证了仿真系统的正确性。对近空间高超声速飞行器的航迹进行了仿真,分析了飞行速度对向心加速度及哥氏加速度的影响,对开展近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的研究具有良好的参考意义。     

GNSS多频观测对定姿精度的影响分析

针对单历元定姿的精度问题,对多频双差观测模型下的定姿精度进行了理论推导,分析了影响定姿精度的各种因素,并着重研究了GPS和Galileo系统下多频观测值对定姿精度的改善程度。理论分析和仿真实验均表明．相比于单频定姿,多频观测可以显著提高定姿精度。     

An alternative Shell inversion technique - Analysis and validation based on COSMIC and ionosonde data

Multi-channel Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase signals, received by the six low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) program, were used to undertake active limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere via radio occultation. In the ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) data processing, the standard Shell inversion technique (SIT), transformed from the traditional Abel inversion technique (AIT), is widely used, and can retrieve good electron density profiles. In this paper, an alternative SIT method is proposed. The comparison between different inversion techniques will be discussed, taking advantage of the availability of COSMIC datasets. Moreover, the occultation results obtained from the SIT and alternative SIT at 500 km and 800 km, are compared with ionosonde measurements. The electron densities from the alternative SIT show excellent consistency to those from the SIT, with strong correlations over 0.996 and 0.999 at altitudes of 500 km and 800 km, respectively, and the peak electron densities (N_mF₂) from the alternative SIT are equivalent to the SIT, with 0.839 vs. 0.844, and 0.907 vs. 0.909 correlation coefficients when comparing to those by the ionosondes. These results show that: (1) the N_mF₂ and h_mF₂ retrieved from the SIT and alternative SIT are highly consistent, and in a good agreement with those measured by ionosondes, (2) no matter which inversion technique is used, the occultation results at the higher orbits (∼800 km) are better than those at the lower orbits (∼500 km).     

多径干扰下GPS/INS跟踪环路的一种高斯码相位鉴别器

针对载体在多径信号的影响下,传统码相位鉴别器不能实时有效鉴别出码相位误差,提出一种高斯码相位鉴别器构建方法。在GPS/INS深组合模式中,接收机码相位鉴别器的构建将改变传统设计方法。INS系统利用GPS接收机产生的即时码相位信息,建立INS系统码相位鉴别器,该INS码相位鉴别器用于辅助GPS接收机码相位鉴别器,构建高斯码相位鉴别器,有效降低码相位跟踪误差。仿真结果表明,与传统的码鉴相器相比,高斯码相位鉴别器减小了噪声方差,能有效提高鉴相精度,从而在多径干扰下提高定位精度。     

GPS/SINS超紧组合导航的性能分析

GPS接收机在高动态环境下很容易失锁,特别是载体的高动态造成的应力对接收机载波跟踪环影响很大。为了解决高动态环境下的组合导航,分析了GPS接收机载波跟踪环的测量误差和跟踪门限,采用惯导速度辅助GPS接收机跟踪环路的超紧组合结构。超紧组合需要涉及到GPS接收机跟踪环内部编排及高动态环境下的实验数据,难度较大。针对超紧组合仿真专门开发了GPS实时软件接收机、高动态GPS中频信号仿真器和惯导模拟器并构建了一个完整的GPS/SINS超紧组合仿真系统。仿真结果表明,该超紧组合导航系统可以跟踪50g的加速度和10倍音速。     

4种DGPS模块动态定位精度测试与分析

采用RTK-DGPS为参照,对GARMIN GPS15L、Ublox LEA-4S、Gstar GS-87和Gstar GS-89m-J共4种DGPS模块在单机模式、地面伪距差分模式和卫星差分模式下的动态定位精度进行了测试和分析.结果表明:(1)对于GARMIN GPS15L 和Ublox LEA-4S,单机定位精度为米级,使用地面伪距差分定位可分别提高动态定位精度20%和87%;(2)总体上看,DGPS模块的地面伪距差分定位精度优于卫星差分定位,卫星差分定位精度优于单机定位;(3)在视野狭窄地段,无论单机定位、伪距差分定位还是卫星差分定位,动态定位精度都受到一定影响,和视野开阔地段相比,精度明显下降.     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

地磁暴期间中国中低纬电离层的CIT研究

利用电离层层析成像技术(Computerized Ionospheric Tomography, CIT)处理115°E子午圈附近6个台站的GPS观测数据, 分析了2004年11月地磁暴期间中国中低纬电离层的响应情况. 结果表明, 电离层呈正相扰动, 且不同高度上的响应不同, 800 km以下电子密度有不同程度的增加, 且在峰值高度附近增幅最大, 800 km以上地磁暴的影响并不显著; 伴随地磁能量的注入, 赤道异常峰极向扩展; 随磁扰强度的降低, 电子密度也逐渐恢复至平静水平. 这些结果与以往的理论和观测结果一致, 初步估计扰动是由热层暴环流引起的, 并受到赤道异常峰移动的影响.      

星载GPS的毫米级编队卫星相对定位

在比较分析编队卫星相对定位与陆地相对定位技术的基础上,结合陆地相对定位技术和 卫星精密定轨技术提出了基于GPS进行编队卫星相对定位的方法及原理。文章采用2004年4月 1日到10日的GRACE卫星实测数据进行了相对定位计算,并采用KBR观测数据对本文相对定位 结果和JPL单独定轨结果进行了外部检核,检核结果表明：1. 与直接采用单独定轨结果相 比,该方法可以明显提高卫星的相对位置精度。2. 利用本文方法计算的两颗GRACE卫星相 对位置精度约为4.5 mm。
     

基于特征空间的GPS自适应阵干扰抑制技术研究

讨论了GPS系统中自适应阵干扰抑制的问题,对比研究了最优自适应阵与基于特征空间自适应阵的抗干扰性能。通过理论推导和仿真分析,与最优自适应阵相比,基于特征空间在信号与干扰噪声比性能上略有不如,但其在理论上能够完全抑制干扰,具有更好地干扰抑制比。