TEC differences for the mid-latitude ionosphere in both sides of the longitudes with zero declination

Based on measurements of ground-based GPS station network, differences of the mid-latitude ionospheric TEC in the east and west sides of North America, South America and Oceania have been analyzed in this paper. Results show that for nearly all seasons from 2001 to 2010 and in both sides of the longitudes with zero declination, there exist systematic differences for the mid-latitude ionospheric TEC in the regions mentioned above and the features of these differences markedly depend upon the local time but less depend upon seasons and the level of solar activity. Theory analysis shows that the longitude variations of both declination and zonal thermospheric winds are one of important factors to cause differences of the mid-latitude ionospheric TEC in both sides of the longitudes with zero declination.     

Numerical investigation of flow mechanisms of tandem impeller inside a centrifugal compressor

This study numerically investigated a single stage centrifugal compressor ‘‘Radiver’’ with a wedge diffuser and several tandem-designed impellers to explore the flow phenomena within the tandem impeller and the potential to enhance compressor performance. The results demonstrate that tandem design and clocking fraction (λ_s) significantly affects the compressor performance. The compressor stage with tandem impellers of Series A of boundary layer growth interruption alone are observed to have a widely operating range but efficiency and total pressure ratio penalty compared with that of conventional impeller. The tandem impeller with at least the same impeller efficiency as the conventional design is considered as a critical design criteria so that further modification process based on the flow characteristic of tandem impeller is necessary. In order to restrain the inducer wake and exducer shock losses, parameters modification of blade angle and thickness distributions are necessary and the modified tandem impeller of Series B is obtained. The modified tandem impeller with 25% clocking arrangement shows an 8.45% stall margin increase and maintains the total pressure ratio and efficiency as the conventional design, which proves the potential of tandem impeller to improve compressor stage performance. It is noteworthy that the tandem impellers of Radiver have not shown obviously balanced exit flow field and the fundamental mechanism of stall margin extending of tandem impeller lies on the improved impeller/diffuser matching performance resulting from the incidence angle variation at diffuser inlet.     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.     

A novel control method for turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on the Ngdot estimator through LQG/LTR and rotor predicted torque feedforward

In order to compensate for the disturbance of wide variation in rotor demanded torque on power turbine speed and realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine during variable rotor speed, a cascade PID control method based on the acceleration estimator of gas turbine speed (Ngdot) and rotor predicted torque feedforward is proposed. Firstly, a two-speed Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) model is applied in the integrated rotor/turboshaft engine system to achieve variable rotor speed. Then, an online estimation method of Ngdot based on the Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) is proposed for power turbine speed cascade control. Finally, according to the cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator, a rotor demanded torque predicted method based on the Min-batch Gradient Descent-Neural Network (MGD-NN) is put forward to compromise the influence of rotor torque interference. The simulation results show that compared with cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator and the one combined with collective pitch feedforward control, the novel control method proposed can reduce the overshoot of power turbine speed by more than 20%, which possesses faster response, superior dynamic effect and satisfactory robustness performance. The control method proposed can realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed better.     

一种基于语义信息辅助的无人机视觉/惯性融合定位方法CSCD

视觉传感器在无人机室内定位中发挥着重要作用。传统基于特征点的视觉里程计算法通过底层亮度关系进行描述匹配,抗干扰能力不足,会出现匹配错误甚至失败的情况,导航系统的精度及鲁棒性有待提升。由于室内环境存在丰富的语义信息,提出了一种基于语义信息辅助的无人机视觉/惯性融合定位方法。首先,将室内语义信息进行因子建模,并与传统的视觉里程计方法进行融合;然后,基于惯性预积分方法,在因子图优化中添加惯性约束,以进一步提高无人机在动态复杂环境下的定位精度和鲁棒性;最后,通过无人机室内飞行试验对算法的定位精度进行了分析。试验结果表明,相较于传统的视觉里程计算法,该方法具有更高的精度和鲁棒性。     

C/C复合材料喷管烧蚀壁面退移流固耦合仿真研究

为了保障固体火箭发动机C/C喷管的可靠性,建立了一套正确反映发动机喷管烧蚀过程的流固耦合计算模型,以实现对喷管烧蚀率的高精度预估。依据热化学烧蚀理论以及喷管内燃气与喷管结构体界面的质量平衡和能量平衡关系,建立并验证了考虑壁面退移的C/C喷管流固耦合方法,实现了燃气流动、异相化学反应、结构体传热三者间的耦合。通过实验发动机喷管的烧蚀计算,论证了模型的正确性,并分析了不同金属铝含量对烧蚀率的影响,计算所得的烧蚀率与实验值最大相对误差为4.3%,与不考虑壁面退移的耦合算法计算结果对比,计算精度最高可提升46%。计算结果表明：C/C喷管在喉部附近烧蚀最为严重;推进剂中Al含量的增加导致燃气中氧化组分浓度降低,进而减少了烧蚀速率,这些结论与C/C喷管烧蚀相关研究结果一致。     

温度参数下轴编C/C复合材料的超高温热结构性能分析

为了研究轴编碳/碳（C/C）复合材料的超高温热结构性能,开展了2800℃超高温载荷下复合材料的拉伸实验,表征了复合材料组分材料的高温失效形貌;提出了立方体单胞和正六棱柱单胞的温度周期性边界条件的算法和预测复合材料等效热结构参数的方法,在材料属性各向同性正六棱柱单胞模型上验证了方法的正确性;最后建立了轴编C/C复合材料的代表性体积单元,计算了复合材料随温度载荷变化下的等效热结构参数,与实验数据进行了对比分析。分析表明：开展的轴编C/C复合材料的超高温拉伸实验,可以得到复合材料在2800℃载荷下复合材料的等效刚度值,同时分析了轴向试件和径向试件的高温失效机理,径向试件的纤维束拉伸强度对复合材料的径向拉伸强度起到决定性的作用。在应用位移以及温度周期性边界条件的基础上,提出的方法可以得到随温度载荷变化下复合材料的等效热结构参数,得出复合材料在横向满足近似各向同性的特性,预测结果表明只改变温度参数下复合材料的等效热导率不会发生改变。提出的方法同样也适用于其他编织复合材料的热结构性能研究。     

利用GPS进行姿态估计的一种算法

首先建立了全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）姿态确定的观测方程;然后给出了利用ＧＰＳ进行飞行器姿态估计的模型,并对该模型进行了线性处理;最后利用攻推广卡尔曼滤波技术,针对某飞行器进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,对于不同的测量噪声和系统噪声,滤波器都有较好的估计,姿态估计的精度明显高于单纯ＧＰＳ姿态确定的精度,可以满足大多数飞行器对姿态确定的要求,证实了模型和算法可用性。     

8902A测量接收机检定高频电压表的实验研究

对８９０２Ａ测量接收机用作高频中,小电压标准进行了分析研究,介绍了一种检定超高频毫伏表的新方法,并给出了实验数据,对该标准装置的不确定度进行了分析。     

INTEGRATED GPS/INS OF PSEUDO-RANGE DELTA-RANGE SEMI-PHYSICAL SIMULATION'S RESEARCH

In order to further study the performance of tightly integrated navigation system of GPS/INS, a semi-physical simulation of tightly coupled system has been done based on the data gathered from the experiment of integrated system of GPS and INS. The closed-loop Kalman Filter and U-D discompose algorithm have been used. The simulation results associated to four integrated models of pseudo-range, delta-range, pseudo-range and delta-range alternation, and pseudo-range and delta-range synthesis have been provided, and the actual effects of variously integrated models have been analyzed. The results show that the pseudo-range and delta-range synthesis coupled model is the most effective to improve the coupled system performance and the individual delta-range coupled model had better be avoided in application.