A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

An inter-comparison of zenith tropospheric delays derived from DORIS and GPS data

Doppler Orbitography Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques are similarly affected by propagation delays in the neutral atmosphere (troposphere) and hence make use of similar data processing strategies for reducing this effect. We compare Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs) estimated from 52 DORIS and GPS station pairs co-located at 35 sites over the 2005–2008 period. We find an overall systematic negative mean bias of −4 mm and a median bias of −2 mm, with a large site-to-site scatter and especially stronger biases over South America, potentially linked to remaining problems related to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) in the current DORIS data processing. The standard deviation of ZTD differences is in the range 4–12 mm over the globe (8 mm on average), with larger values located in the southern hemisphere. The spatial variability of differences is consistent with previous work but remains largely unexplained. DORIS is shown to be much less sensitive to instrumental changes than GPS (only the switch from Alcatel to Starec antenna at Toulouse is detected as an offset of −4 mm in the ZTD time series). On the opposite, discontinuities and spurious annual signals are found in the GPS ZTD solutions. A discontinuity of +5 mm is found on 5 November 2006, linked to the switch from relative to absolute GPS antenna models used in the data processing. The use of modified GPS antennas (e.g. at GODE) or improved antenna models is shown to reduce the spurious annual signal (e.g. from 5 mm to 2 mm at METS). Overall, the agreement between both techniques is good, though DORIS shows a significantly larger random scatter. The high stability and good spatial and temporal coverage make DORIS a potential candidate technique for meteorology and climate studies as long as reasonable time averaging can be applied (e.g. differences are reduced from 8.6 to 2.4 mm with 5-day averages) and no real-time application is considered. This technique could be considered as a potential contributor to Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) for climatology.     

Ionospheric scintillations at Guilin detected by GPS ground-based and radio occultation observations

The occurrence of ionospheric scintillations with S4 ? 0.2 was studied using GPS measurements at Guilin, China (25.29°N, 110.33°E; geomagnetic: 15.04°N, 181.98°E), a station located near the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly. The results are presented for data collected from January 2009 to March 2010. The results show that nighttime amplitude scintillations only took place in February and March of the considered years, while daytime amplitude scintillations occurred in August and December of 2009. Nighttime amplitude scintillations, observed in the south of Guilin, always occurred with phase scintillations, TEC (Total Electron Content) depletions, and ROT (Rate Of change of TEC) fluctuations. However, TEC depletions and ROT fluctuations were weak during daytime amplitude scintillations, and daytime amplitude scintillations always took place simultaneously for most of the GPS satellites which appeared over Guilin in different azimuth directions. Ground-based GPS scintillation/TEC observations recorded at Guilin and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) measurements obtained from GPS-COSMIC radio occultation indicate that nighttime and daytime scintillations are very likely caused by ionospheric F region irregularities and sporadic E, respectively. Moreover, strong daytime amplitude scintillations may be associated with the plasma density enhancements in ionospheric E region caused by the Perseid and Geminid meteor shower activities.     

A global survey of COSMIC ionospheric peak electron density and its height: A comparison with ground-based ionosonde measurements

With a network of ground-based ionosondes distributed around the world, the ionospheric peak electron density and its height measured by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites in terms of GPS radio occultation technique are extensively examined in this article. It is found that, in spite of the latitude, the mean values of the peak electron density measured by COSMIC satellites are systematically smaller than those observed by ground-based ionosondes. The discrepancy between them is dependent on the latitude, namely, it is small in low and mid-latitudes and large in high-latitude region. Moreover, statistical analysis shows that the slopes of the regression line that is best fitted to the scatter diagram of occultation-retrieved peak electron density (ordinate axis) versus ionosonde-observed peak density (abscissa axis) are universally less than one. This feature is believed to be the result of path average effect of non-uniform distribution of the electron density along the GSP ray during the occultation. A comparison between COSMIC-measured peak height and ionosonde-derived peak height hmF2 indicates that the former is systematically higher than the latter. The difference in the two can be as large as 20% or more in equatorial and low-latitude regions. This result implies that the peak height hmF2 derived from the virtual height through true height analysis based on Titheridge method seems to underestimate the true peak height. The correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde peak electron densities is analyzed and the result reveals that correlation coefficient seems to be dependent on the fluctuation of the occultation-retrieved electron density profile. The correlation will be higher (lower) for the electron density profiles with smaller (larger) fluctuations. This feature suggests that the inhomogeneous distribution of the electron density along the GPS ray path during the occultation plays an important role affecting the correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde measurements.     

The geomagnetic solar flare effect identified by SIIG as an indicator of a solar flare observed by GOES satellites

This paper studies the efficiency of geomagnetic solar flare effects (gsfe) in X solar flare detection; so during the period 1999–2007 a comparison between solar flare (sf) observed by satellites of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) programme and gsfe published by the Service International des Indices Geomagnetiques (SIIG) is made.     

50吨级氢氧火箭发动机的设计与研制

系统性地回顾了长征五号运载火箭芯一级50t级氢氧火箭发动机YF-77的设计与研制历程。通过分析氢氧发动机的特点以及国内外氢氧发动机的发展现状,阐述了国内新一代运载火箭研发的技术路线和50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制背景;对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的总体技术方案及其特点进行了分析与总结,并在此基础上对发动机主要组件的技术方案及其特点开展分析;对发动机热试车情况、可靠性验证情况和故障排除情况进行了分析;对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制情况、技术特点进行了总结,并对国内氢氧发动机和液氧/甲烷发动机的发展进行了展望。     

一类隔离驱动电路的“剩余驱动”问题

讨论直流变换器中将脉宽调制器（PWM）输出与受控MOS管栅极连接的一类开关驱动电路.专注于分析它在PWM电路关闭后对栅极产生的驱动信号,被命名为＂剩余驱动＂.描述这类剩余驱动的电气特性,说明它对变换器造成的危险,提出改进这类驱动电路以消除这些危险的4种方法.     

RNSS/INS深耦合高动态导航接收机测试方法研究CSCD

卫星导航和惯性导航采用深耦合方式实现导航作为世界上最先进的导航形式,在国防中的应用越来越广泛,但其在高动态下的性能需要验证。当前针对深耦合高动态下导航接收机的测试研究较少,本文介绍了基于卫星信号模拟器的测试系统组成及测试用高动态场景,运用模拟测试原理,通过对导航接收机在高动态下定位速度和跟踪灵敏度的测试及其结果分析,验证了导航接收机的深耦合功能,对此类接收机的测试方法进行了初步探究。     

热压工艺在Cf／SiC复合材料制备中的应用

探讨了热压工艺 (HP)在常压浸渍裂解 (PIP)制备 Cf/Si C复合材料制备过程中的应用 ,认为热压浸渍裂解工艺 (HP-PIP)既可以改善碳纤维与基体 Si C之间的界面 ,又可以提高材料的致密度 ,使材料内部的空隙减少或消失 ,同时使孔隙排布均匀 ,从而使材料的性能有了大幅度提高 ,其强度由原来的 2 90 MPa提高到 5 40 MPa,并且可重复性很好     

下颔式进气道实验研究

为了验证下颔式进气道 /前机身一体化设计方案的合理性及其进气道性能 ,对下颔式进气道 /前机身一体化设计方案进行了实验研究。测出了进气道总压恢复系数、畸变指数随流量系数、攻角、侧滑角的变化规律。结果表明 ,进气道性能较好 ,进气道 /发动机匹配良好。最后提出了下颔式进气道的进一步改进措施