一种适用于三维混合网格的GMRES加速收敛新方法

为提高流场计算收敛效率,发展了一套适用于三维混合网格Naiver-Stokes方程求解的并行广义最小残差（GMRES）隐式时间推进方法。该方法由科学计算可移植扩展工具包（PETSc）中的Krylov子空间求解器实现,线性方程系统中的系数矩阵直接以显式给出以提高算法的稳定性。为进一步提高GMRES方法的收敛速度,对非结构网格的序号进行了重排序,使得系数矩阵的非零元素尽量向主对角线靠近。利用所发展的GMRES方法,完成了对ONERA-M6机翼、AIAA阻力预测会议通用研究模型（CRM）等算例的计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。通过与其他隐式推进方法进行比较,对算法的收敛特性进行了研究。结果表明,所发展的GMRES方法计算更加稳定,残差下降速度相对LU-SGS（Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel）方法更快,尤其是气动力系数向着收敛解逼近的速度更加明显,提高了计算效率。     

针刺C/C复合材料拉伸强度及渐进失效数值预测

基于金相显微镜观测的针刺C/C复合材料细观结构,考虑材料内部纤维的真实分布,建立了针刺C/C复合材料单胞模型。采用Linde失效准则,考虑纤维渐进损伤对材料进行了刚度折减,通过引入周期性位移边界条件,对针刺C/C复合材料的拉伸破坏进行了有限元法（FEM）数值模拟,分析了单胞模型的渐进失效过程,并预测了材料的拉伸强度。开展了针刺C/C复合材料拉伸试验,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了材料的断口形貌,数值预测结果与试验吻合良好。针刺C/C复合材料受拉伸载荷后发生准脆性断裂,拉伸应力-应变曲线呈双线性,0°无纬碳布发生纤维断裂和基体开裂破坏,90°无纬碳布出现横向基体劈裂,最终断裂发生在针刺纤维与面内无纬碳布交叉区域。     

半捷联位标器稳定跟踪与弹体姿态一体化控制

半捷联位标器安装在弹体上,由于寄生回路的存在,使得位标器稳定跟踪控制回路和弹体姿态控制回路产生严重耦合,影响了位标器的稳定与跟踪。针对半捷联导引头稳定平台的稳定与跟踪问题,提出了一种半捷联位标器稳定跟踪控制与弹体姿态控制的一体化方法。基于反步控制原理设计了控制律,通过合理选择反馈增益可保证系统的稳定性与动态性能。最后对一体化设计与传统分离设计进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明：考虑位标器稳定跟踪回路与导弹姿态回路耦合的一体化控制器,不仅能够保证弹体姿态控制系统快速响应,还可以提高位标器的稳定跟踪性能,并降低位标器跟踪不上高速目标的可能性。     

Prediction of cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites

Machining of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials is difficult to carry out due to its high specific stiffness, brittleness, anisotropic, non-homogeneous and low thermal conductivity, which can result in tear, burr, poor surface quality and rapid wear of cutters. Accurate and fast pre-diction of cutting forces is important for milling C/C composite materials with high quality. This paper presents an alternative cutting force model involving the influences of the directions of fiber. Based on the calculated and experimental results, the cutting forces’ coefficients of 2.5D C/C com-posites are evaluated using multiple linear regression method. Verification experiment has been car-ried out through a group of orthogonal tests. Results indicate that the proposed model is reliable and can be used to predict the cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

含激波的湍流流动高精度大涡数值模拟方法

针对采用亚格子模型进行含激波的湍流流动模拟时会面临激波附近的精度损失问题,考虑从通过亚格子模型以及数值模拟方法两方面的改进来实现湍流流动大涡模拟的精度提高.大涡模拟采用了Yee及Sj(o)green (2009)提出的高阶低耗散方法.该方法采用自适应的流场探测器以控制计算中所需区域的数值耗散,并考虑对动力学模型采用在激波位置使用Sagaut和Germano(2005)提出的单边亚格子过滤器和(或)直接禁用亚格子项等方法加以改进.对于标准的马赫数1.5和3条件下的激波-湍流干扰问题,上述新方法相较于全区域采用亚格子模型的方法均表现出了相似的精度提升.同时实现的数值精度改进方案采用了Harten的亚单元分辨过程来定位和锐化激波,并在精确激波位置附近的网格点处采用了单边测试滤波.     

C/SiC复合材料反射镜研究进展

反射镜在空间光学系统中起着非常关键的作用,目前已发展到第四代C/SiC复合材料。C/SiC复合材料具有低密度、高模高强、结构设计灵活等优点,已成为非常重要的新型反射镜材料。本文对四代反射镜的特点进行了归纳和对比,对C/SiC复合材料反射镜的结构设计、几种常用的制备工艺进行了整理和总结,并对目前国内外的研究进展进行了综述。     

轨/姿控发动机试验数据快速自动处理技术

轨/姿控发动机试验数据需即时提供,大量数据的快速自动处理技术未见报道。在简述了高空模拟试验特点、Pacific6000原理及数据文件结构后,分析了当前计算方法优缺点;在此基础上,将网络脚本语言的设计思想引入试验数据处理过程,提出了实现数据快速处理的数据流式算法,进而形成自动处理技术;基于此算法开发了工程应用软件,在实际试验中应用,取得了良好效果。该技术对类似计算和海量数据的快速处理具重要工程参考意义。     

New results and questions of lunar exploration from SELENE,Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS

The moon has longstanding questions such as lunar environments, origin, formation and evolution, magnetization of crustal rocks, internal structure and possible life. The recent lunar missions, e.g., SELenological and ENgineering Explorer “KAGUYA” (SELENE), Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LRO/LCROSS), have provided new opportunities to explore and understand these issues. In this paper, we reviewed and presented the results and findings in the fields of lunar gravity, magnetic field, atmosphere, surface geomorphology and compositional variations, volcano, craters, internal structure, water and life science from new lunar exploration missions. In addition, the new objectives and scientific questions on lunar explorations in near future are presented and discussed.     

飞机过度/不足转向地面转弯操纵特性分析

为分析飞机着陆滑跑过程中的过度/不足转向特性,提高前轮转弯系统的操纵性能,提出了一种具有时变参数的飞机转弯系统的低阶等价模型,并结合系统稳定性的分析与飞行数据,可知在飞机着陆滑跑过程中的某个速度范围内,由于系统偏航角速度命令带宽衰减至零值附近,飞机的过度/不足转向特性曲线十分接近临界稳定速度边界,引起操纵特性严重恶化,由此提出了一种采用偏航角速度的局部负反馈来调节系统带宽的自校正增稳设计.分析与仿真结果说明:该模型能够解决使用高阶模型对飞机该项性能分析复杂的问题,可以作为高阶复杂模型分析的一种补充,且提出的增稳方法能使系统偏航角速度命令带宽保持在期望范围内,改善脚蹬操纵的敏感性,提高系统的操纵性能.