GPS／SINS姿态组合系统空间一致性研究

在基于卡尔曼滤波器并引入了姿态观测量的GPS/SINS组合导航系统中,GPS天线体坐标系与IMU所在的载体坐标系由于安装误差或其他原因不能完全重合,两个坐标系间存在失准角,导致多天线GPS与SINS输出的姿态信息在空间不能同步,这将影响卡尔曼滤波的效果。本文针对这一问题进行了深入的研究,分析了两个坐标系空间不一致的机理,给出了静态和动基座情况下标定两个坐标系位置关系的方法并进行仿真分析验证了其可行性。     

一种简易GPS压制式高斯白噪声窄带干扰机设计

针对GPS信号的特点,分析了压制式干扰信号功率与干扰距离之间的关系。根据这一理论,研究了GPS干扰机的设计方案,制作了干扰机并对其性能进行了分析。实验结果表明文中所设计的干扰机可以在2km范围内实现对GPS的有效干扰。     

小卫星平台的多系统 GNSS 软件接收机研究

介绍了卫星导航信号的构成及传统GPS (全球定位系统) 接收机的工作原理, 并将近年来受到广泛关注的软件无线电技术引入到GNSS (全球卫星导航系统) 接收领域, 形成了一种多系统兼容, 高度灵活, 可升级的GNSS 接收机新架构. 给出了满足小卫星平台需求的FPGA + DSP 的数字处理模块硬件架构以及接收机的软件参考结构. 论述了多系统软件无线电GNSS 接收机在小卫星平台中应用时存在的优势和不足, 以及在星载一体化小卫星中的应用前景.     

GNSS water vapour tomography – Expected improvements by combining GPS,GLONASS and Galileo observations

The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) operates a GNSS water vapour tomography system using about 350 German GNSS stations. The GNSS data processing at the GFZ works in near real-time and provides zenith total delays, integrated water vapour and slant delay data operationally. This large data set of more than 50,000 slant delays per hour is used to reconstruct spatially resolved humidity fields by means of tomographic techniques. It can be expected that additional observations from the future Galileo system provide more information with improved quality. A simulation study covering 12 h at 14 July 2009 was therefore started to estimate the impact of GPS, Galileo and GLONASS data on the GNSS tomography. It is shown that the spatial coverage of the atmosphere with slant paths is highly improved by combining observations from two or three satellite systems. Equally important for a reliable tomographic reconstruction is the distribution of slant path intersections as they are required to locate the integrated delay information. The number of intersection points can be increased by a factor of 4 or 8 if two or three systems are combined and their distribution will cover larger regions of the atmosphere. The combined data sets can be used to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of the reconstructed humidity fields up to 30 km horizontally, 300 m vertically and 15 min. The reconstruction quality could not be improved considerably using the currently available techniques.     

LDPC码在卫星导航系统中的应用

作为一种接近香农极限的信道编码,近年来LDPC码被广泛采用,例如欧洲第二代数字视频广播卫星标准DVB-S2和空间数据咨询委员会(CCSDS)遥测信道编码标准就分别采用了LDPC码。文章将讨论LDPC码在卫星导航系统中的应用,内容涵盖星上编码与接收机解码。GPS联合项目办公室在接口规范(Draft IS-GPS-800,Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L1C Interfaces,19 April 2006)中展现了L1电文结构中的LDPC码。子帧2和子帧3将分别用一个独立的24bit循环冗余检验(CRC)算法。加入CRC比特之后每一子帧将进一步被长度为1200/548码率为1/2的LDPC码编码。文章将给出同等长度同等码率的不同类型的LDPC码。它们表现出了优异的译码性能、简单的编码结构和较低的译码复杂度。另外一个优点是其校验矩阵无需用一系列的冗余表格来表示。这种LDPC码的构造方法可以被扩展到其它卫星导航系统,比如欧洲的伽俐略(Galileo)系统和中国的北斗(Compass)系统。     

对GPS区域映射系统中比例优化的研究

GPS区域映射系统通过对分布式转发器的时延控制,实现定位区域上的映射关系,使由GPS制导的武器错误定位,从而偏离原有的目标,实现对重要目标的保护^[1]。文章首先给出了求解区域映射系统中虚拟点邻域的迭代算法,在此基础上分析了虚拟点与真实点的位置关系以及转发器的分布对映射比例的影响,并在有效干扰区域内,对如何选择虚拟点的位置和转发器的分布以达到映射比例的优化进行了研究,得出的结论为实际应用提供了参考。     

基于位置观测的北斗广播星历速度精度分析

利用广播星历计算导航卫星的速度向量是GNSS高精度实时测速的必要条件.本文分析了仅以卫星位置向量为观测量的北斗广播星历的速度计算精度.从广播星历拟合过程出发,推导了北斗18参数模型的速度向量计算公式.基于北斗13颗在轨卫星一年的实际轨道数据,分析了全年广播星历计算卫星速度向量的精度.结果表明,利用18参数模型计算的速度误差最大在10^-4m·^-1量级;在相同拟合时段条件下,地球静止轨道（GEO）和倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）卫星的速度精度相当,高于中圆地球轨道（MEO）卫星.通过对位置残差序列分析,得出位置残差误差较小且变化趋势平稳是广播星历计算速度精度较高的原因.分析和计算结果验证了仅用位置观测量拟合北斗广播星历算法的有效性.     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

Mid-latitude amplitude scintillation of GPS signals and GPS performance slips

Degradation of transionospheric radio signals and operation failures during ionospheric disturbances constitute a crucial factor of space weather influence on radio engineering satellite systems performance. We found that during the main phase of strong magnetic storms in 2000–2003 when the auroral oval expands into mid-latitudes, its southern boundary develops a region with intense small-scale electron density irregularities. Such irregularities may cause strong amplitude scintillations of GPS signals at both GPS operating frequencies. The another consequence of it was significant random GPS signal phase fluctuations, breaking-down of signal tracking, and sharp increasing of GPS positioning errors as a result.     

New field of application of the IRI modeling – Determination of ionosphere transfer characteristic for radio astronomical signals

We suggest a new field of application of IRI modeling – determination of ionosphere transfer characteristic (ITC) for radio astronomical signals (RAS). VHF and HF RAS are widely used for observations of the Sun and pulsars. It is necessary to take into account possible distortions of RAS in the Earth ionosphere. However, in contrast to modern navigation systems (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO), where very accurate reconstruction of ionosphere parameters is a built-in function, in present-day radio astronomy a retrieve of ITC has not been appropriately worked out yet. It collides with increasing requirements to accuracy of the analysis of RAS amplitude profile and to the angular and polarizing resolution of radio telescopes of new generation. We have developed a method and software for calculation of the ionosphere measure of rotation (RM) and the measure of dispersion (DM). We used the ionosphere model IRI-2001, magnetic-field model IGRF-10 and values of ionosphere total electron content as deduced from GPS measurements. The obtained values of the ionosphere DM and RM were recalculated into characteristics of phase delay, Faraday amplitude modulation and polarization changes. We made calculations for different levels of geomagnetic activity and for different angular position of radio sources as well.