The ground GNSS tomography – unconstrained approach

The GNSS signal along its more than 20,000 km line of sight is bended, attenuated and delayed. These effects are results of the Earth’s atmosphere, and Sun radiation. Amongst all mentioned effects the one considered in this paper is a signal phase delay in troposphere.     

GNSS reflectometry and remote sensing: New objectives and results

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been a very powerful and important contributor to all scientific questions related to precise positioning on Earth’s surface, particularly as a mature technique in geodesy and geosciences. With the development of GNSS as a satellite microwave (L-band) technique, more and wider applications and new potentials are explored and utilized. The versatile and available GNSS signals can image the Earth’s surface environments as a new, highly precise, continuous, all-weather and near-real-time remote sensing tool. The refracted signals from GNSS radio occultation satellites together with ground GNSS observations can provide the high-resolution tropospheric water vapor, temperature and pressure, tropopause parameters and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and electron density profile as well. The GNSS reflected signals from the ocean and land surface could determine the ocean height, wind speed and wind direction of ocean surface, soil moisture, ice and snow thickness. In this paper, GNSS remote sensing applications in the atmosphere, oceans, land and hydrology are presented as well as new objectives and results discussed.     

SINS/GNSS组合导航测试系统用惯导模拟源技术研究

针对光纤陀螺SINS(捷联惯性导航系统)与GNSS(全球卫星导航系统)组合导航产品高动态性能测试难的问题,本文研究了一种组合导航测试系统,并对捷联惯导模拟源进行了重点研究.首先以捷联惯导解算算法为基础逆推出了捷联惯导模拟源算法,然后对捷联惯导模拟源进行了功能实现,可以与导航卫星信号模拟源同步向组合导航计算机发送数据用于组合导航解算.最后对捷联惯导模拟源的功能与性能进行了验证.结果表明,捷联惯导模拟源功能正常,模拟数据的精度达到设计要求.利用此惯导模拟源与导航卫星信号模拟源配套使用,将可满足后续SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的相关性能测试或验证要求.     

雷达灵敏度测量中的视频信号积累方法

首先分析了视频信号积累在雷达中的作用和工作原理,然后详细阐述了数字化实现信号积累的方法,最后介绍了信号积累在雷达接收机灵敏度测量中的应用,较好的解决了接收机灵敏度测量中的不稳定问题.     

Near-real time monitoring of the TEC fluctuations over the northern hemisphere using GNSS permanent networks

Since the early 1990s, global positioning system measurements have been used to study of the state and rapid changes of the Total Electron Content in the ionosphere. Currently, the increasing number of permanent stations makes it possible to generate maps of the irregularities in the ionosphere for specified regions with sub-daily resolution. The main goal of this work was to apply global navigation satellite system observations to obtain information about ionospheric variability around the North Geomagnetic Pole. In order to detect the ionospheric disturbances, 30-s observation data was used. The Rate of Total Electron Content Index was applied as a measure of the variability in the ionosphere. The first analyses were executed using more than 100 permanent stations. The results show two kinds of products: 2-hour maps in spherical geomagnetic coordinates and daily maps presenting the occurrence of the strong Total Electron Content fluctuations as a magnetic local time function, for the most disturbed days of April 2010. Apart from the main product of the algorithm, the Rate of Total Electron Content time series for individual satellite tracks was presented. The results demonstrated very good sensitivity of the obtained maps, which can detect even quite weak disturbances. The presented algorithm developed at the Geodynamic Research Laboratory of the University of Warmia and Mazury, in cooperation with Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation, will be applied in the near future to create near-real time service of the conditions in the ionosphere based on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems observations.     

直扩测控系统抗多址能力分析与验证

为了防止多址干扰造成接收机出现误捕和假锁,改善直接序列扩频测控系统抗多址干扰性能,在Gold码特性和扩频接收机性能分析的基础上,结合最大似然原理,对采用扩频体制测控系统的抗干扰能力进行了分析。为契合工程应用,采用仿真遍历结合理论分析的方式,对Gold码的互相关抑制能力理论值进行了工程修正。在分析捕获阶段的抗干扰捕获门限后,还分析了载噪比估计结果在正常锁定和假锁两种状态下的差异,给出了接收机对假锁状态的判决方法和门限。根据分析和仿真的结果,给出了系统设计约束条件和优化的接收机设计流程,作为测控系统和接收机设计的参考。     

北斗多模多频导航SoC芯片技术研究

介绍了一款北斗多模多频导航SoC芯片—“OTrack-128”,该芯片实现了多模多频兼容导航定位,采用完全国产化的卫星导航核心芯片,在定位精度、动态性能等关键指标上达到了国际先进水平,最后给出了基于该芯片的各类主要应用技术指标。     

外差式侦察接收机对频率捷变信号进行侦察的可行性

根据频率捷变信号的特点,分析了几种侦察体制下接收频率捷变信号需要的中频带宽、扫描步进频宽和截获时间,给出了对频率捷变信号侦察的可行性方案。     

GPS/INS超紧组合载波跟踪环路最优带宽在线设计

在全球定位系统和惯性导航系统组成的超紧耦合系统中,卫星信号的跟踪性能直接取决于载波跟踪环路的带宽。为提高最优带宽的计算精度,在对惯导辅助下载波跟踪环路跟踪特性进行分析的基础上,详细推导了载波多普勒频率估计误差、多普勒频率变化率估计误差的计算方式,建立了惯导辅助下的环路跟踪误差模型;在实时估计跟踪载噪比的基础上,应用离散牛顿二阶梯度法迭代解算最优带宽,并进行实时调整。仿真结果表明,所设计最优带宽迭代解算方法的计算精度能够在11次迭代内达到99.6%,以此作为环路的带宽,能够在弱信号、辅助信息精度较低的情况下有效提高环路的跟踪精度。     

Using TensorFlow-based Neural Network to estimate GNSS single frequency ionospheric delay (IONONet)

In the last 20?years, and in particular in the last decade, the availability of propagation data for GNSS has increased substantially. In this sense, the ionosphere has been sounded with a large number of receivers that provide an enormous amount of ionospheric data. Moreover, the maturity of the models has also been increased in the same period of time. As an example, IGS has ionospheric maps from GNSS data back to 1998, which would allow for the correlation of these data with other quantities relevant for the user and space weather (such as Solar Flux and Kp). These large datasets would account for almost half a billion points to be analyzed. With the advent and explosion of Big Data algorithms to analyze large databases and find correlations with different kinds of data, and the availability of open source code libraries (for example, the TensorFlow libraries from Google that are used in this paper), the possibility of merging these two worlds has been widely opened. In this paper, a proof of concept for a single frequency correction algorithm based in GNSS GIM vTEC and Fully Connected Neural Networks is provided. Different Neural Network architectures have been tested, including shallow (one hidden layer) and deep (up to five hidden layers) Neural Network models. The error in training data of such models ranges from 50% to 1% depending on the architecture used. Moreover, it is shown that by adjusting a Neural Network with data from 2005 to 2009 but tested with data from 2016 to 2017, Neural Network models could be suitable for the forecast of vTEC for single frequency users. The results indicate that this kind of model can be used in combination with the Galileo Signal-in-Space (SiS) NeQuick G parameters. This combination provides a broadcast model with equivalent performances to NeQuick G and better than GPS ICA for the years 2016 and 2017, showing a 3D position Root Mean Squared (RMS) error of approximately 2?m.