三维表面微观形貌的表征参数和方法

近几年,由于计算能力、速度和图像、数据处理技术的不断提高,极大地推进了３Ｄ表面微观形貌测量仪的实用化和商品化,同时也增加了研究者对３Ｄ分析的兴趣。总结了近期文献中出现的３Ｄ分析方法和表征参数,如：基准表面、图形（ 像） 表征、参数表征以及Ｍｏｔｉｆ 和分形表征方法,旨在促进我国对３Ｄ表面研究的发展。最后提出了３Ｄ表征技术的任务和发展方向。     

轴压载荷作用下全复合材料裙与壳体搭接区的结构分析

对轴压载荷作用下固体火箭发动机复合材料裙与壳体搭接区的受力变形情况及承载能力进行了有限元分析,应用板壳理论对搭接区进行了分析,证明有限元计算结果合理可信;对裙搭接长度在40~60 mm范围内进行了寻优计算。结果说明,搭接区裙外铺层是搭接区最薄弱的环节;影响搭接区承载能力的主要结构因素有裙尖厚度、裙外铺层厚度、直段橡胶长度;随裙搭接长度的增大,搭接区承载能力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,存在搭接区承载能力的极大值。该分析方法和结果可供搭接区分析设计参考。     

基于ICA和BP神经网络相结合的掌纹识别

提出了一种基于独立成分分析(ICA,Independent Comment Analysis)和多层前馈(BP,Back Propagation)神经网络相结合的方法对掌纹进行识别.首先采用一种新的方法检测角点,得到掌纹图像的不变特征点,根据这些点校正掌纹方向并得到掌纹的感兴趣区域.对该区域采用定点快速ICA算法(FastICA),得到掌纹特征子空间,然后构建BP神经网络,并采用训练样本得到的掌纹特征进行训练,得到合适的权值.对香港理工大学掌纹数据库进行测试,与主成分分析(PCA,Principal Components Analysis)提取特征的方法进行比较,取得了较高的识别率.      

Stability and chaos of a damped satellite partially filled with liquid

The stability and chaotic motions of a damped satellite partially filled with liquid which is subjected to external disturbance are investigated in this paper. With linearization analysis, the stability of the two non-trivial equilibrium points is studied. The homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits are found by using the undetermined coefficient method, and the convergence of the series expansions of these two types of orbits is proved. It analytically demonstrates that there exist homoclinic orbits of the Si’lnikov type that join the two non-trivial equilibrium points to themselves, and therefore smale horseshoes and the horseshoe chaos occur for this system via the Si’lnikov criterion. In addition, there also exists a heteroclinic orbit connecting the two non-trivial equilibrium points. Numerical simulations are also given, which verify the analytical results. The system can be chaotic through period-doubling bifurcations as the amplitude of the external disturbance varies, and backward period-doubling bifurcations as the angular momentum of the rotor varies.     

体-翼干扰区热环境特性分析及预测

高速飞行器的体—翼干扰区热流精确预测对于飞行器生存能力与战术性能的提高具有重要的 意义,是高性能飞行器设计水平的一个重要标志。由于体—翼干扰区流场的复杂性,目前尚 无满足工程设计要求的热环境预测方法,在分析体—翼流场特性的基础上应用文献［1 ］的压力—热流关系式,提出体—翼干扰区的热流预测方法,即压力由N-S数值解给出,热 流应用压力—热流关系式得到,炮风洞的实验结果验证了本文预测方法的可 靠性 。
     

微重力环境下的表面张力及无接触测量

表面张力是材料重要的物理化学参数之一, 尤其在微重力条件下, 由表面张力引起的科学现象一直备受关注. 静滴法是地面重力条件下进行熔体表面张力测量的主要方法, 该方法的测量结果精确, 但在微重力环境下该法应用尚存在一些问题. 本文基于对表面张力理论的思考, 阐述了对其测量方法的认识和见解, 并讨论了地面上采用静滴法对熔体的表面张力进行测量研究以及静滴法在微重力条件下应用的困难. 进而介绍了利用悬浮技术进行熔体表面张力测量的无接触测量方法, 特别介绍了电磁悬浮法, 该法避免了由于容器接触带入杂质所引起的误差, 尤其在微重力条件下消除了重力的影响, 测量精度得到显著提高.      

Thermomechanical coupling effect on characteristics of oxide film during ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID grinding ZTA ceramics

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID (UVA-ELID) grinding is utilized as a novel and highly efficient processing method for hard and brittle materials such as ceramics. In this study, the UVA-ELID grinding ZTA ceramics is employed to investigate the influence of thermomechanical loading on the characteristics of oxide film. Based on the fracture mechanics of material, the model of internal stress for oxide film damage is proposed. The thermomechanical loading is composed of mechanical force and the thermal stress generating from grinding temperature. The theoretical model is established for the mechanical force, thermal stress and internal stress respectively. Then the finite element analysis method is used to simulate the theoretical model. The mechanical force and grinding temperature is measured during the actual grinding test. During the grinding process, the effect of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth on the thermomechanical force and the characteristics of oxide film is analyzed. Compared with the conventional ELID (C-ELID) grinding, the mechanical force decreased by 25.6% and 22.4% with the increase of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth respectively, and the grinding temperature declined by 10.7% and 12.8% during the UVA-ELID grinding. The thermal stress in the latter decreased by 16.3% and 20.8% respectively, and internal stress reduced by 12.3% and 15.6%. It was experimentally found that the topographies of oxide layer on the surface of the wheel and the machined surface in the latter was better than that in the former. The results indicate that the action of ultrasonic vibration establish a significant effect on the processing. Subsequently, it should be well considered for future reference when processing the ZTA ceramics.     

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on finished quality in ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling of Inconel718

Inconel718 was machined with the traditional micromilling (TMM) and ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling (UVAMM) with the different technology parameters, whose surface quality and burrs formation were studied. The results show that TMM often forms pits, bumps and gullies in the size effect range. UVAMM effectively improves the surface quality compared with TMM. The surface defects are significantly reduced with the increase of feed per tooth (ƒ_z). When ƒ_z exceeds 4 μm, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the surface quality is no longer obvious. The minimum burr size on the down milling side and the up milling side are 50.23 μm and 36.57 μm, respectively. The feasibility of vibration cutting in improving surface quality and suppressing burr size was verified. UVAMM effectively suppresses the formation of built-up edge, which can significantly improve the micromilling process. The cutting force is obtained through simulation and experiment. They are agreement in the change trend. The finite element simulation can be used to predict the cutting force. Compared with TMM, feeding force (F_x), radial force (F_y) and axial force (F_z) of UVAMM decrease by 7.6%, 11.5% and 1.3%, respectively.     

径向直叶片燃油汽心泵汽心形态数值模拟

为获得燃油汽心泵内气态区域的形成过程及形态的变化规律,基于renormalization group(RNG) k-ε双方程湍流模型与Schnerr-Sauer空化相变模型,对径向直叶片燃油汽心泵进行了整体三维建模与气液两相定常数值模拟,分析转速、进口节流活门开度、出口压力等因素对燃油汽心泵内气态区域的影响.结果表明:一定转速范围内气态区域随转速增加而扩大;转速不变时出口压力增加会使气态区域范围减小;气态区域扩张至极限位置即叶轮直径外,燃油汽心泵进入不稳定工况.RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型和与Schnerr-Sauer空化相变模型适用于燃油汽心泵汽心形态的数值模拟.