球锥组合体在热外压作用下的稳定性

球锥组合体作为飞行器头部,热外压稳定性是结构设计的主要问题。本文对薄壳结构进行稳定性分析,将临界外压的有限元计算值与试验修正的理论值进行对比,获得有限元分析的修正系数为0.8;然后采用数值和试验相结合的方法、并考虑材料力学性能的温度效应,对复合材料球锥组合体在热外压载荷下的稳定性进行研究,高温下材料性能退化对临界载荷的影响显著,加热不均匀对临界载荷也有一定影响,线胀系数对临界载荷的影响很小。     

超声磨料对TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的影响

为改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量,减少表面微裂纹、重熔层等表面缺陷,提出了基于电极振动的超声磨料电火花复合加工方法。在煤油工作液中混入12g/L的SiC磨料粉,进行了有无超声磨料作用的窄脉冲(脉宽小于1μs)电火花加工的表面粗糙度对比实验研究。实验结果表明:SiC磨料的超声振动作用使零件表面粗糙度Ra由0.5μm降到0.2μm左右;重熔层厚度、表面裂纹的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示,超声磨料作用使重熔层厚度减薄20～30μm,表面微裂纹得到有效控制;机理分析认为工作液高频振动及磨料对工件的冲击作用,是改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的主要原因。研究表明磨料的超声振动作用可显著改善TC4钛合金电火花加工的表面质量。     

太阳10.7 cm射电流量中期预报模型研究(Ⅱ)

太阳活动指数中期预报一直是空间环境业务预报的难点之一.本文在自回归方法模型的基础上,利用太阳活动区面积、位置等参数与10.7cm辐射流量之间的定量关系,根据活动区面积衰减规律,建立了一个基于活动区参数及演化规律的改进型太阳活动指数中期预报模型.通过对预报测试实例分析发现,在日面出现较大活动区导致F_(10.7)迅速增长并超过历史数据峰值的情况,在日面活动区消亡导致指数突然出现平静期的情况,新模型的预报准确性相比自回归模型有很大提高,预报的平均相对误差下降约5%～9%.由此可见,新模型在某些特定条件下提高了原有模型的精度.该研究为提高业务型太阳10.7cm射电流量中期预报模型的预报精度奠定了基础.     

Variation of ionospheric electron and ion temperatures during periods of minimum to maximum solar activity by the SROSS-C2 satellite over Indian low and equatorial latitudes

To study the variation of ionospheric electron and ion temperatures with solar activity the data of electron and ion temperatures were recorded with the help of Retarding Potential Analyzer payload aboard Indian SROSS-C2 satellite at an average altitude of ∼500 km. The main focuses of the paper is to see the diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal variations of electron and ion temperatures during periods of minimum to maximum solar activity. The ionospheric temperatures in the topside show strong variations with altitude, latitude, season and solar activity. In present study, the temperature variations with latitude, season and solar activity have been studied at an average altitude ∼500 km. The peak at sunrise has been observed during all seasons, in both electron and ion temperatures. Further, the ionospheric temperatures vary with latitude in day time. The latitudinal variation is more pronounced for low solar activity than for high solar activity.     

Simulating clefts in pumpkin balloons

The geometry of a large axisymmetric balloon with positive differential pressure, such as a sphere, leads to very high film stresses. These stresses can be significantly reduced by using a tendon re-enforced lobed pumpkin-like shape. A number of schemes have been proposed to achieve a cyclically symmetric pumpkin shape, including the constant bulge angle (CBA) design, the constant bulge radius (CBR) design, CBA/CBR hybrids, and NASA’s recent constant stress (CS) design. Utilizing a hybrid CBA/CBR pumpkin design, Flight 555-NT in June 2006 formed an S-cleft and was unable to fully deploy. In order to better understand the S-cleft phenomenon, a series of inflation tests involving four 27-m diameter 200-gore pumpkin balloons were conducted in 2007. One of the test vehicles was a 1/3-scale mockup of the Flight 555-NT balloon. Using an inflation procedure intended to mimic ascent, the 1/3-scale mockup developed an S-cleft feature strikingly similar to the one observed in Flight 555-NT. Our analysis of the 1/3-scale mockup found it to be unstable. We compute asymmetric equilibrium configurations of this balloon, including shapes with an S-cleft feature.     

一种新型微谐振陀螺及其灵敏度改进型(英文)

设计的新型微机械陀螺采用了谐振敏感原理,其具有直接准数字式频率输出、高灵敏度、结构设计灵活、自解耦等优点。由于灵敏度是谐振式陀螺的一个重要指标且对其他指标有重要影响,本文重点对其进行优化设计。从仿真结果可以看出,在保证其他性能的前提下,起始结构方案、改进结构方案1、改进结构方案2和最终方案的灵敏度值分别为0.080、0.210、0.341和0.5447Hz/(°/s)。通过对比可得,每次改进过程,灵敏度都有较大提高。经分析,驱动方向上DETF的振幅减到外质量块振幅的1.16×10-4。测量范围为±300°/s,在测量范围内,线性度为6.41×10-7。     

Zernike多项式在拟合光学表面面形中的应用及仿真

光学镜面在重力的作用下,会产生镜面变形,这种变形包括刚体位移和表面变形,将对光学系统的成像品质产生不同的影响。文章通过Matlab软件,对有限元分析后的数据进行处理,用Zernike多项式精确拟合变形后的镜面面形,并在Matlab中绘出镜面面形云图,最后计算出表面变形的表面变形均方根和表面变形最大值与最小值之差。实例计算表明,该方法能将镜面变形的刚体位移和表面变形分离,适合于光学自由曲面的镜面面形精度分析。     

燃烧固体药柱内腔表面的典型裂纹及其力学行为

根据燃烧环境中高装填固体推进剂药柱内应力的分布特征,提出了药柱内腔表面的两种典型裂纹, 即横向表面裂纹和纵向表面裂纹, 并分别采用方坯药柱和圆盘药柱表面预制的裂纹进行了模拟。比较燃气作用下两种药柱的有限元分析结果, 明确了挤裂模式对于燃烧环境中固体药柱表面裂纹问题的适用性。这些结论与实验观测现象非常吻合, 对实际发动机工作环境中固体药柱表面裂纹的力学行为预示和故障分析有着重要的指导意义。     

武装直升机横航向增控增稳系统鲁棒性研究

武装直升机横航向增控增稳系统可看作是２输入５输出的多变量控制系统,多变量控制系统的鲁棒性可用稳定裕度作为衡量标准。利用矩阵奇异值分解的方法,计算武装直升机横航向ＳＣＡＳ的稳定裕度,来评判所设计系统的鲁棒性。该方法获得的满足鲁棒性所要求的裕度指标,为我国军用直升机飞行品质规范的修订提供了依据。     

试飞确定电传飞控系统稳定裕度

根据飞控系统稳定裕度的要求,给出了几种求取稳定裕度的方法,尤其是提出的基于返回误差阵奇异值的稳定裕度判定方法,可解决多通道多回路复杂交联系统的稳定裕度评价问题。