宽高比及表面粗糙度对矩形微尺度通道流动特性的影响

实验研究了不同宽高比矩形金属微尺度通道的流动特性,并与硅通道对比来探究表面粗糙度的影响。金属微尺度通道宽为0.4mm,通道宽高比分别为0.50、0.67、和1.00,相对表面粗糙度范围为0.1609%~0.2145%。硅通道宽度及高度都为0.4mm,相对表面粗糙度为0.00325%。实验工质为空气,实验的雷诺数范围是250~3000。实验结果表明:在粗糙微尺度通道会发生转捩提前,并且转捩雷诺数随着宽高比增大而减小。在层流区,微尺度矩形通道摩擦因数随着雷诺数增大而减小,在转捩区出现明显增大后再减小。表面粗糙度很小时,未发现转捩提前现象。      

基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的表面传热系数计算

采用有限体积法数值求解控制二维绕流的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程组,计算了光滑和粗糙NACA0012翼型以及圆柱表面的局部表面传热系数.分析了近壁面网格间距、湍流模式和表面粗糙度模型对数值计算结果的影响.结果表明:切应力输运(SST)湍流模型能够区分层流和湍流边界层的对流传热特性,并能预测转捩的发生;采用Spalart-Allmaras(S-A) 扩展模型能够计算粗糙壁面的对流传热系数,但采用忽略转捩函数的S-A模型不能有效计算层流边界层的传热系数.当近壁面网格间距接近10-5量级的黏性子层时,在光滑和粗糙壁面都能得到准确的传热系数分布.结合合适的近壁面网格间距,湍流模式和表面粗糙度模型可以得到与实验数据十分接近的表面传热系数曲线.通过与求解不可压缩RANS方程得到的结果比较后发现,不可压缩RANS方程主要忽略了压缩和黏性耗散效应,这种效应可以通过绝热升温项的形式并入总体热分析.      

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

Investigation of ionospheric response to two moderate geomagnetic storms using GPS–TEC measurements in the South American and African sectors during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24

The responses of the ionospheric F region using GPS–TEC measurements during two moderate geomagnetic storms at equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions over the South American and African sectors in May 2010, during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, are investigated. The first moderate geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst value of −64 nT at 1500 UT on 02 May 2010 and the second moderate geomagnetic storm reached a minimum Dst value of −85 nT at 1400 UT on 29 May 2010. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from the equatorial to mid-latitude regions in the South American and African sectors. Our results obtained during these two moderate geomagnetic storms from both sectors show significant positive ionospheric storms during daytime hours at the equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions during the main and recovery phases of the storms. The thermospheric wind circulation change towards the equator is a strong indicator that suggests an important mechanism is responsible for these positive phases at these regions. A pre-storm event that was observed in the African sector from low- to the mid-latitude regions on 01 May 2010 was absent in the South American sector. This study also showed that there was no generation or suppression of ionospheric irregularities by storm events. Therefore, knowledge about the suppression and generation of ionospheric irregularities during moderate geomagnetic storms is still unclear.     

PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS FOR END MILLING TITANIUM ALLOY USING MODIFIED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION LS-SVM

It is difficult to construct the prediction model for titanium alloy through analyzing the formation mecha- nism of surface roughness due to the complicated relation between influential factors and surface roughness. A no- vel algorithm based on the modified particle swarm optimization （PSO） least square support vector machine （LS- SVM） is proposed to predict the roughness of the end milling titanium alloys. According to Taguchi method and features in milling titanium alloys, the influences of cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut on surface roughness are investigated with the analysis of variance （ANOVA） of the experimental data. The research results show that the construction speed of the modified PSO LS-SVM model is two orders of magnitude faster than that of back propagation（BP） model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy is about one order of magnitude higher than that of BP model. The modified PSO LS-SVM prediction model can explain the influences of cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut on the surface roughness of titanium alloys. Either a higher cutting speed, a lower feed rate or a smaller axial depth of cut can lead to the decrease of surface roughness.     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子密封系统动力稳定性研究（该文已撤销，具体请见2015年第12期第1458页的撤销声明）

针对低温液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子密封系统开展了动力学稳定性研究。采用有限元法建立了涡轮泵转子密封系统的动力学模型,研究了安装偏心对转子密封系统稳定性的影响,给出了失稳转速随安装偏心的变化规律,研究了当量密封间隙对涡轮泵转子系统稳定性的影响,分析了当量密封间隙对失稳转速的影响,最后开展了冷吹试验和热试试验研究,为液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子系统结构设计、诊断与维护提供理论依据。     

行星齿轮非线性振动系统参数稳定域的计算方法

研究了行星齿轮非线性传动系统参数稳定域计算的一般方法.该方法通过选取合理的失稳阀值,根据考查参数域内系统的运动状态选取合适的数值积分时间段,以循环套嵌的手段计算考查参数在各自范围内不同组合下的系统位移响应最大值,比较失稳阀值以判稳,参数稳定域的图形输出等5个步骤完成对行星轮系参数稳定域的计算.最后,以四自由度行星轮系纯扭转非线性振动模型为例,以行星轮输入转速、系统的齿侧间隙以及齿轮副的啮合阻尼系数为考查参数,分别计算得到了系统的单参数稳定域、双参数稳定域以及三参数稳定域,为行星轮系的设计取值提供了重要参考.      

可调静子旋转凸台位置对端区流动的影响

对包含凸台的可调静子模型进行简化,研究了不同凸台位置对端区流动的影响.通过实验测量与数值模拟对比可以发现:可调静子端区流动损失主要是由叶片气动负荷引起的泄漏及气流绕过凸台造成的掺混2个部分组成;通过合理优化设计,将凸台置于气动负荷高的叶片前缘并覆盖尽可能多的前缘间隙,能够有效降低损失,改善气动性能.      

翼身组合体的变可信度优化设计

基于信赖域思想,发展了一种变可信度优化设计方法组织和管理不同可信度模型,有效利用低可信度模型建立近似模型,进行优化设计,高可信度模型仅修正优化近似模型,使最终优化结果收敛到高可信度模型上.采用全位势边界层有粘无粘迭代方法作为低可信度模型,多重网格Navier-Stokes方程方法作为高可信度模型,对翼身组合体进行优化设计,优化结果表明:发展的变可信度优化方法优化效率高,且能保证优化精度,具有实际的工程应用价值.     

激光冲击强化提高主动连杆振动疲劳性能

针对某型发动机放气活门主动连杆转接R处的疲劳断裂问题,进行了主动连杆激光冲击强化工艺研究;完成了原型件和激光冲击强化、喷丸及加大R3种处理工艺后主动连杆振动疲劳对比试验.结果表明,在317MPa的应力水平下,激光冲击强化、喷丸和加大R后主动连杆疲劳寿命分别为原型件的5.24倍、3.89倍及1.36倍;与其它2种工艺相比,激光冲击强化具有强化效果好、工艺稳定性高、易于实现等优点,是截至目前减少主动连杆疲劳断裂故障的最佳处理工艺.主动连杆激光冲击强化后表面粗糙度较小,产生深度约1.4mm的高数值残余压应力层,表层晶粒细化至纳米晶并伴随高密度位错.三者共同作用可以有效缓解转接R处的应力集中,抑制疲劳裂纹在转接R处的萌生和扩展,是主动连杆振动疲劳寿命提高的主要原因.