非合作目标自主交会对接的椭圆蔓叶线势函数制导

针对非合作式航天器自主交会对接任务的安全性要求,提出了一种基于椭圆蔓叶线的人工势函数制导方法。首先根据视线坐标系建立了相对动力学方程与状态方程。进而应用人工势函数制导方法解决了非合作目标航天器自主交会对接与静态障碍物躲避问题,并且把势函数方法与椭圆蔓叶线函数相结合,解决了追踪航天器在接近目标航天器时运行在安全走廊中的安全性要求。应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了在所提出的制导方法控制下系统的稳定性。最后,用精确的数学模型进行了计算机数值仿真,验证了所提出的制导控制方法的正确性和有效性。
     

空间对接动力学试验台控制与精度考核简

空间对接动力学试验台,采用半物理仿真方法模拟两个航天器对接的动力学过程,但试验台仿真周期和模拟器响应滞后会造成试验台仿真精度失真和不稳定,为此提出了基于对接撞击力辨识补偿的控制算法.建立从油缸伸长量到撞击力之间的映射关系,并通过实时辨识来拟合撞击力偏差进行补偿.依据空间对接动力学原理设计试验台精度考核试验,精度考核仿真及试验结果表明,该控制算法有效提高试验台仿真精度和对接过程稳定性.     

基于电磁力与力矩的航天器运动控制的研究进展

电磁力与力矩是一种非接触式的相互作用力与力矩.将通电线圈或磁铁放在磁场中会受到电磁力与力矩的作用.多个通电线圈或磁铁相互作用时，在彼此构成的磁场中也会受到电磁力与力矩的作用.作为一种非接触的力与力矩，电磁力与力矩在航天器的姿态与相对位置控制系统中已有了广泛和深入的应用.本文主要介绍近年来由航天器上电磁装置受到地磁场作用产生电磁力矩在姿态控制中的应用，和带有电磁机构的多航天器间相互作用控制多航天器间相对位姿的应用等.     

Motion-planning and pose-tracking based rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target

Rendezvous and docking (RVD) with a tumbling target is challenging. In this paper, a novel control scheme based on motion planning and pose (position and attitude) tracking is proposed to solve the pose control of a chaser docking with a tumbling target in the phase of close range rendezvous. Firstly, the current desired motion of the chaser is planned according to the motion of the target. In planning the desired motion, the “approach path constraint” is considered to avoid collisions between the chaser and the target, and the “field-of-view constraint” is considered to make sure the vision sensors on the chaser to obtain tight relative pose knowledge of the target with respect to the chaser. Then, the difference between the chaser’s motion and the desired motion is gradually reduced by a pose tracking controller. This controller is based on the non-singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) method to make the tracking error converge to zero in finite time. Since the chaser nearly moves along the desired motion and the motion is reasonable, (1) it could safely arrive at the docking port of the target with a suitable relative attitude, (2) it will be always suitably oriented to observe the target well, and (3) the magnitude of the needed control inputs are less than that in existing literatures. The numerical results demonstrate the above three advantages of the proposed method.     

月球着陆探测器发动机推力线测量及标定

月球着陆探测器发动机推力线测量及标定是发动机装配与调整的关键环节.通过创建精测镜坐标系,实现发动机在对接面坐标系中的推力线平行量与偏斜的转换,得到热试车后标定推力线的方法.通过发动机热试车后数据分析,推力线测量及标定方法满足技术条件要求.     

Tube-based robust output feedback model predictive control for autonomous rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target

In this paper, a tube-based robust output feedback model predictive control method (TRMPC) is proposed for controlling chaser spacecraft docking with a tumbling target in near-circular orbit. The controller contains a simple, stable, Luenberger state estimator and a tube-based robust model predictive controller. Several practical challenges are also considered under dock-enabling conditions, such as the control saturation, velocity constraint, approach corridor constraint, and collision avoidance constraint. Meanwhile, uncertainties are carefully analyzed when designing the controller, including dynamics uncertainty, measurement error, and control deviation. The TRMPC ensures that all possible state trajectories with uncertainties lie in the minimum robust positively invariant set (mRPI, i.e., the so-called tube in this paper). The tube center is the solution of a nominal (without uncertainties) system. Another important contribution of this paper is to propose a technique where it is unnecessary to calculate the mRPI explicitly. Thereby, the ‘curse of dimensionality’ can be avoided for a six-dimensional system. To verify the feasibility of the proposed TRMPC strategy in the presence of uncertainties, two scenarios of autonomous rendezvous and docking (AR&D) are simulated. The simulation results show that the TRMPC method is more efficient in minimizing the uncertainties, fuel consumption, and computational cost, compared to the classic model predictive control (MPC) method.     

基于双目视觉的相对状态自主确定

基于双目视觉系统提出了一种适于交会对接最后阶段的近距离绕飞的相对状态自主确定方法。用修正罗德里格参数(MRP)描述姿态,给出了追踪器与目标器间的相对姿态运动学与动力学方程,以及相对运动方程,根据双目视觉系统的小孔成像原理建立了双目系统的测量数学模型,由扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)获得两航天器的相对位姿及其变化率。仿真结果表明该法可行。     

交会对接发动机配置比较研究

介绍执行空间交会对接任务的几个典型的飞船的发动机配置,通过比较,分析执行不同交会对接任务飞船的发动机配置的优缺点,提出了交会对接任务发动机配置设计时需要考虑的因素,并得出一些具有共性的结论,为后续交会对接任务的发动机配置提供参考.     

交会对接微波雷达大范围高精度测角算法

针对现有交会对接微波雷达测角算法不能同时满足远程与近程目标测量精度问题,提出了一种基于相差复矢量匹配的二维测角算法。在定义了目标函数基础上,利用相差复矢量的酉空间内积特性将二维角度估计问题等效为目标函数最大化的非线性优化过程,规避了线性算法近距离误差大的缺点。数值仿真、机载飞行试验和微波暗室试验都表明,该算法对近程、远程目标的测角精度优于0.12°,且易于实现,有较高的工程应用价值。     

交会对接光学成像敏感器的LD照明系统

以交会对接光学成像敏感器应用为背景,阐述主动式和被动式交会对接光学成像敏感器的区别、照明系统的不同方案,论述LD照明系统的组成和原理,以及LD器件和光纤的选择和特性,解决了交会对接光学成像敏感器大视场远距离均匀照明的难题,克服了空间适应性的困扰,且通过双波长工作模式增强了抗杂光能力.