Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

奈达的功能对等理论在应用文体翻译中的应用

介绍奈达的功能对等理论和应用文的文体特点,论述应用文体翻译应遵循功能对等理论,即译者应准确推测原文意思,充分了解读者的认知语境,用译入语准确写出相应的应用文,达到最佳的功能对等。     

微重力条件下两相流动沸腾换热地面等效模拟试验研究的必要性

介绍了航天器的热控制模式、对在微重力下的单相流与两相流的换热系统、微重力下与重力场下的两相流沸腾换热进行了比较。最后论述了在微重力条件下进行两相流沸腾换热地面等效试验研究的必要性。     

面向对象的航空发动机稳态建模研究

以一个面向对象发动机仿真平台为基础,研究影响航空发动机稳态模型精度的因素。在面向对象稳态模型中可灵活选取共同工作方程,宜封装多种仿真算法,以适应各种求解需求,首选拟牛顿法。     

开关磁阻电机非线性磁参数建模方法

建立了一种基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的非线性磁参数法的开关磁阻电机数学模型,在电磁场有限元(FEM)数值计算结果的基础上,解算出电机磁特性函数矩阵ψ(i,θ),把ψ(i,θ)函数矩阵三次样条插值变换成电机电流特性矩阵i(ψ,θ),再利用MATLAB/SIMULINK中的查表模块建立了开关磁阻电机系统的非线性模型。该模型中的电机本体模块、功率变换器模块、控制模块等都是通过SIMULINK中PSB通用功能模块搭建起来的,修改容易且直观性强,试验结果验证了该模型的准确性。     

工序问题的数学模型

本文讨论了加工的次序问题，对于不同的、具有实际意义的问题，我们得到了相应的优化准则，这些准则在实际应用中便于操作，利用这些优化准则得到了加工次序问题的最优的结果。     

低空风切变系统建模及其对直升机飞行安全威胁定性分析

系统地建立了含湍流的三维低空风切变模型，并综合分析了其对直升机飞行安全的威胁。建立了微下击暴流风场及大气湍流场组合的风切变模型，在不增加计算量的前提下，选取特征点发展直升机飞行动力学模型，有效捕捉了风切变的切变特性，提高了在风场中的动态响应计算精度。模型配备姿态保持功能的控制增稳系统已符合一般直升机的飞行状态，并改善机体响应。根据风速分布的特点，选取不同飞行速度、不同风场位置进行飞行仿真，定性地对比分析状态量变化与风场对应关系，并且以垂向通道为例，从动力学角度分析验证了响应的理论计算表达式。结果表明：湍流主要导致高频姿态角响应，风切变对飞行状态量变化占主导作用，且垂向风是引起威胁的主要因素，据此提出危险风场规避建议。     

Boundary condition modelling and identification for cantilever-like structures using natural frequencies

The actual boundary conditions of cantilever-like structures might be non-ideally clamped in engineering practice, and they can also vary with time due to damage or aging. Precise modelling of boundary conditions, in which both the boundary stiffness and the boundary mass should be modelled correctly, might be one of the most significant aspects in dynamic analysis and testing for such structures. However, only the boundary stiffness was considered in the most existing methods. In this paper, a boundary condition modelling and identification method for cantilever-like structures is proposed to precisely model both the boundary stiffness and the boundary mass using sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies. The boundary conditions of a cantilever-like structure can be parameterized by constant mass, constant rotational inertia,constant translational stiffness, and constant rotational stiffness. The relationship between natural frequencies and boundary parameters is deduced according to the vibration equation for the lateral vibration of a non-uniform beam. Then, an iterative identification formulation is established using the sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies with respect to the boundary parameters. The regularization technique is also used to solve the potential ill-posed problem in the identification procedure.Numerical simulations and experiments are performed to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can be utilized to precisely model the boundary parameters of a cantilever-like structure.     

Computation and Elicitation of Valleyness

Abstract

Existing methods for land surface form characterisation often focus on relatively simple landform element classifications and do not evaluate results with large scale participant experiments. This piece of research takes a semantics-grounded approach to characterising the landform valley. Based on definitions three algorithms to characterise valleys in a fuzzy way are introduced. Comparison of the results to assessments regarding the degree of being in a valley gained from over 800 participants in a questionnaire survey yields significant amounts of explained variance (R ² = 0.35–0.37). Furthermore, accounting for very ambiguously perceived stimuli showing vast low places leads to markedly improved regressions (R ² = 0.45–0.49), weighting of the data with a measure of uncertainty in judgment even more so (R ² = 0.50–0.55).