DUAL NUMBER TRANSFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO ROBOT WITH REDUNDANCY

ＤＵＡＬＮＵＭＢＥＲＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＴＯＲＯＢＯＴＷＩＴＨＲＥＤＵＮＤＡＮＣＹＷａｎｇｈｕｉａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ．ＮＵＡＡ２９ＹｕｄａｏＳｔｒｅｅｔ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎ...     

A Space Debris Primer for Astronomers

In this journal, 'space debris' usually carries implications of aerospace activities, but it was not always thus. Humankind has been concerned with sky debris (often not knowing it was that) since eyes were turned skyward. Before space exploration began, astronomers specialized in comet tails, asteroids, meteorites, aurorae and zodiacal light. It was inevitable that they stay near the forefront of the new space technologies, even before Explorer I explained the aurorae. Now, the emphasis is on manmade debris, for the simple reason that an astronomical experiment proved that to be the preponderant component of the total debris environment. We present here a review survey of the total near-Earth debris complex, artificial and cosmic. Our goal is three-fold: (1) To detail to both astronomers and spaceflight specialists the long and heavy astronomical activity, (2) to give an overview of what has been and is being done, and (3) to suggest some possible directions for the future.     

中纬度观测的电离层F区经度效应及其模式计算

利用1956—1994年期间分别在长春和乌鲁木齐两观测站上观测的f0F2和f0F1月中值,定量分析了两站上观测的经度效应,讨论了产生两站上经度效应的可能物理机制,并与国际参考电离层模式的结果进行了比较．     

锯齿冠叶片瞬态热应力模拟试验

锯齿冠涡轮叶片在发动机起动过程中会产生较大的热应力。这种热应力与离心应力、气动应力合成的综合应力可能引起涡轮叶片的低循环疲劳失效。建立了瞬态温度场的热传导、热弹性相似关系 ,通过满足热相似条件的热模拟试验 ,分析了某型锯齿冠涡轮叶片在发动机起动过程的瞬态热应变和热应力 ,其结果为分析该型叶片的低循环疲劳失效原因提供了依据 ,同时讨论了叶冠结构因素对热应力的影响。     

战斗机机敏性尺度评估的一种方法

本文提出了一些机敏性度量尺度,研究了它们的分类,并试图对轴向和俯仰机敏性进行量化。用了功率攻击参数和功率损失参数量化轴向机敏性;用了上仰速率和下俯速率量化俯仰机敏性。因此,本文所引入的和所研究的内容可作为进一步研究机敏性时的参考和借鉴.     

基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术

为了计算复杂目标的雷达散射截面（RCS），提出了一种基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术，计算了单元体，组成体以及飞机的近场雷达散射截面，理论计算和实测结果较为吻合，为在微机上计算复杂目标近场RCS提供了一种理想的方法。     

端羟基聚了二烯的羟基类型分布

简要介绍了有关端羟基聚丁二烯（ＨＴＰＢ）羟基类型、羟基类型分布以及各类羟基的反应活性的研究现状。研究认为ＨＴＰＢ中含有顺式—烯丙羟基（Ａｃ）、反式—烯丙羟基（Ａｔ）及α—乙烯基羟基（Ｖ）三种类型端羟基，这三种羟基的相对含量通常为１５／５０／３５，与异氰酸酯的反应活性顺序为Ａｃ＞Ａｔ＞Ｖ。此外，ＨＴＰＢ中还可能存在微量环氧基、醛基、羧基等非羟基官能团。     

失谐叶片轮盘的减缩建模及动力响应预测方法

为解决高保真失谐叶盘计算量大的问题,提出了一种新的减缩建模及动力响应预测方法。该方法对叶盘单扇区有限元模型进行圆周对称分析,获取谐调叶盘在局部坐标系下的基本模态特性。同时,运用主节点的概念,仅对少量节点进行模态分析,在大大降低矩阵维度的同时获取准确的失谐模态特性。在动力响应预测分析时,利用失谐固有频率点处响应的基本特性,仅选取危险频段内、危险叶片上的危险节点进行响应分析计算,既极大地提高了运算效率,又能够准确地获取叶盘最大受迫响应幅值。实例分析结果表明:相较于传统的有限元方法,该方法中模态分析的求逆过程矩阵维度从150万下降到384,计算所得的前50阶固有频率的精度保持在0.005%以内,最大响应计算过程运算量下降超过99%时,仅存在-0.35%的误差。     

Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling

Existing lunar DEMs obtained based on laser altimetry or photogrammetric image analysis are characterised by high large-scale accuracies while their lateral resolution is strongly limited by noise or interpolation artifacts. In contrast, image-based photometric surface reconstruction approaches reveal small-scale surface detail but become inaccurate on large spatial scales. The framework proposed in this study therefore combines photometric image information of high lateral resolution and DEM data of comparably low lateral resolution in order to obtain DEMs of high lateral resolution which are also accurate on large spatial scales. Our first approach combines an extended photoclinometry scheme and a shape from shading based method. A novel variational surface reconstruction method further increases the lateral resolution of the DEM such that it reaches that of the underlying images. We employ the Hapke IMSA and AMSA reflectance models with two different formulations of the single-particle scattering function, such that the single-scattering albedo of the surface particles and optionally the asymmetry parameter of the single-particle scattering function can be estimated pixel-wise. As our DEM construction methods require co-registered images, an illumination-independent image registration scheme is developed. An evaluation of our framework based on synthetic image data yields an average elevation accuracy of the constructed DEMs of better than 20 m as long as the correct reflectance model is assumed. When comparing our DEMs to LOLA single track data, absolute elevation accuracies around 30 m are obtained for test regions that cover an elevation range of several thousands of metres. The proposed illumination-independent image registration method yields subpixel accuracy even in the presence of 3D perspective distortions. The pixel-wise reflectance parameters estimated simultaneously with the DEM reflect compositional contrasts between different surface units. Specifically, the detected variations of the parameter of the single-particle scattering function indicate small-scale variations of the regolith particle size, possibly as a result of differences in soil maturity.     

基于FLNDO的近空间飞行器鲁棒最优预测控制

针对有强烈干扰和不确定因素影响的近空间高超声速飞行器,提出了一种鲁棒最优广义预测控制律.控制律由最优广义预测控制律(OGPC)和一种新的泛函连接网络干扰观测器(FLNDO)构成.输出的有限时域预测由泰勒级数的展开实现.飞行中的未建模动态以及未知干扰由FLNDO来估计,并且文中也给出了FLNDO和闭环系统的稳定性分析.仿真结果表明对于姿态角和角速率的跟踪问题,设计的控制器达到了满意的控制效果,并且也成功实现了对干扰的抑制以及参数变化的鲁棒性要求.