Convex optimisation approach to constrained fuel optimal control of spacecraft in close relative motion

This paper describes an interesting and powerful approach to the constrained fuel-optimal control of spacecraft in close relative motion. The proposed approach is well suited for problems under linear dynamic equations, therefore perfectly fitting to the case of spacecraft flying in close relative motion. If the solution of the optimisation is approximated as a polynomial with respect to the time variable, then the problem can be approached with a technique developed in the control engineering community, known as “Sum Of Squares” (SOS), and the constraints can be reduced to bounds on the polynomials. Such a technique allows rewriting polynomial bounding problems in the form of convex optimisation problems, at the cost of a certain amount of conservatism. The principles of the techniques are explained and some application related to spacecraft flying in close relative motion are shown.     

当前经济增长的周期性、阶段性特征及政策思路

根据经济周期谷底的特性以及中美两国经济紧密关联和经济周期越来越契合的规律,可以印证2009年就是新一轮经济周期的谷底,由此可以断定当前处于复苏阶段.然而近三年来我国经济增速持续下滑至谷底以下,这一反常现象是由于经济短周期冲高回落与经济增长阶段转换相互叠加造成的.河南省与全国经济周期高度一致,时滞半年左右.在高速经济增长阶段河南省潜在经济增长率比全国高出2个百分点,中高速阶段高出1.5个百分点.河南省近几年经济增速深度下滑,其关键原因是投资增速下滑,其根本原因是结构升级缓慢.未来河南经济要摆脱持续下行趋势,保持经济中高速增长,应坚持调结构、扩投资、促改革的政策思路,“调结构”是根本,“扩投资”是基础,“促改革”是保障.     

Efficiency optimized fuel supply strategy of aircraft engine based on air-fuel ratio control

Accurate fuel injection control of aircraft engine can optimize the energy efficiency of UAV power system while meeting the propeller speed requirement. Traditional injection control method such as open-loop calibration causes instability of fuel supply which brings the risk of power loss of UAV. Considering that the closed-loop control of AFR can ensure a stable fuel feeding, this paper proposes an AFR control based fuel supply strategy in order to improve the efficiency of fuel-powered UAV while obtaining the required engine speed. According to the optimum fuel injection results, we implement fuzzy-PID method to control the set AFR in different situations. Through simulation and experiment studies, the results indicate that, to begin with, the calibrated mathematical model of the aircraft engine is effective. Next, this fuel supply strategy based on AFR control can normally realize the engine speed regulation, and the applied control algorithm can eliminate the overshoot of AFR throughout all the working progress. What is more,the fuel supply strategy can averagely shorten the response time of the engine speed by about two seconds. In addition, compared with the open-loop calibration, in this work the power efficiency is improved by 9% to 33%. Last but not the least, the endurance can be improved by 30 min with a normal engine speed. This paper can be a reference for the optimization of UAV aircraft engine.     

推进剂重定位过程仿真与分析

为了拓展低温上面级滑行时间，满足深空探测任务需求以及提升运载火箭任务适应性，中国未来型号研制将采用间歇沉底的方案，其主要难点是推进剂重定位过程的研究。本文针对目前重定位仿真多为二维CFD仿真且不能准确合理地预示气泡逸出过程的问题，提出一种基于Flow-3D的三维CFD仿真方法。该方法采用卷气体积与液体体积之比（卷气率）预示气泡逸出过程，比以往采用气泡粒子数预示气泡逸出过程的方法更为合理准确。重定位及气泡逸出过程的仿真结果与半人马座落塔试验的结果具有一致性，捕捉到了重定位过程所有特征流型，且对应时刻误差不超过10%。仿真结果表明间歇沉底推进剂管理方案的可行性，并确定了某低温上面级的相关设计参数。     

可重复启动低温上面级的推进剂管理装置研究

回顾了低温上面级推进剂管理技术的国内外研究现状,分析了上面级微重力环境中低温推进剂管理涉及的液体蓄留、气液分离和局部热控等关键技术。开展了液氧贮箱推进剂管理装置的方案设计,并试验验证了可填充蓄液器的填充和下层板网的指定路径排气等关键功能,确认了方案的可行性。     

LaBr3(Ce)元件破损在线监测关键核素确定及效率校准

常用的元件破损在线监测方法受外在因素影响较大，以γ能谱中关键裂变产物核素比活度进行在线定量分析是一种可靠的元件破损监测方法。针对新型LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪，设计了元件破损模拟实验，对逸出的裂变产物采用HPGe和LaBr₃(Ce)探测器进行了对比测量。通过不同冷却时间γ能谱的核素分析，确定了¹³⁵Xe，⁸⁸Kr，¹³⁸Xe，⁸⁸Rb，¹³⁸Cs等可作为LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损γ能谱监测的关键核素。同时，制备了覆盖能量范围(250～2 400)keV，含⁶⁰Co，¹³⁷Cs，¹³³Ba；²⁴¹Am，¹⁵²Eu；¹⁰⁹Cd，⁸⁸Y，⁵⁷Co及²⁴Na的4组放射性标准溶液，在建立的效率校准系统上，校准了LaBr₃(Ce)在线监测仪的效率。在反应堆一次异常情况分析中，已校准的LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪对关键核素的现场分析结果与HPGe的取样分析结果一致，表明效率校准结果准确，校准方法可靠。     

Experimental comparison between aircraft fuel tank inerting processes using NEA and MIG

Fuel tank inerting technologies are able to reduce the fire risk by injection of inert gas into the ullage or fuel, the former called ullage washing and the latter fuel scrubbing. The Green On-Board Inert Gas Generation System (GOBIGGS) is a novel technology based on flameless catalytic combustion, and owning to its simple structure and high inerting efficiency, it has received a lot of attentions. The inert gas in the GOBIGGS is mainly comprised of CO₂, N₂, and O₂ (hereinafter, Mixed Inert Gas (MIG)), while that in the On-Board Inert Gas Generation System (OBIGGS), which is one of the most widely used fuel tank inerting technologies, is Nitrogen-Enriched Air (NEA). The solubility of CO₂ is nearly 20 times higher than that of N₂ in jet fuels, so the inerting capability and performance are definitely disparate if the inert gas is selected as NEA or MIG. An inerting test bench was constructed to compare the inerting capabilities between NEA and MIG. Experimental results reveal that, if ullage washing is adopted, the variations of oxygen concentrations on the ullage and in the fuel are nearly identical no matter the inert gas is NEA or MIG. However, the ullage and dissolved oxygen concentrations of MIG scrubbing are always higher than those of NEA scrubbing.     

分级时效工艺对1420Al—Li合金组织与性能的影响

研究了分级时效工艺对1420Al-Li合金组织与性能的影响，试验结果表明：经70℃／12h＋120℃／4－10h工艺分级时效处理可使1420Al-Li合金的综合力学性能得到显著的提高；分级时效工艺使1420Al-Li合金析出的δ‘相粒子分布均匀、尺寸细小。     

主油路供气对副喷嘴雾化特性的影响

双油路燃油喷嘴,在主喷嘴未投入工作的小负荷工况,燃油雾化质量差,不利于点火和燃烧过程.试验表明,向主喷嘴供应压缩空气可有效地解决上述问题.所得结果,对地面燃气轮机的运行和改烧劣质燃油的陆用航机有重要参考价值.     

偏心射流燃烧室特性试验研究

本文研究偏心射流的倾斜角对燃烧效率、贫油吹熄特性和出口温度场的影响.给出了同一燃烧室在轴对称进气条件下的相应特性.结果表明,偏心进气能明显扩大贫油吹熄范围,提高燃烧效率.在试验的角度范围内,适当加大偏心射流的倾角是有利的.