空间交会中脉冲变轨燃料消耗研究

导出了空间交会中多脉冲变轨的一般算法。在此基础上,重点研究了双脉冲变轨的燃料消耗情况,提出了双脉冲变轨条件下的“不可达点”及其附近的“高耗能区域”,并给出了相应的物理解释。最后对多脉冲变轨与双脉冲变轨进行了比较。     

对转涡轮基本分析

对于对转涡轮基元级的特性,首先分析不同基元级的负荷特性应以单位叶列平均的负荷能力为准。其次,模拟常规级的经典分析,讨论了对转涡轮基元级的自变变量及定义了不同类型的典型对转涡轮基元级,按此可以很简明地得出它们在不同转速比下的负荷特性。同时,还初步比较了对转级与常规级的基元级效率。由此可见,对转涡轮的单位叶列负荷系数可比常规级有成倍的增长而且有更高的效率。     

固体运载火箭级间热分离仿真气体模型研究

目前,计算流体力学和飞行力学耦合仿真是模拟运载火箭级间分离较为流行的方法,而发动机内外流动建模则是运用该方法的关键。工程上,常用的方法是将发动机燃气与外部大气当作同一种气体组分处理,未考虑内外流动的多组分与燃烧效应。分析了化学非平衡流模型、双组分气体模型和常规单组分气体模型在火箭级间热分离流场计算中的适用性。化学非平衡流模型由于过高的计算消耗,不适用于火箭研制工程中大规模的参数化研究。而热化学等级较低的双组分气体和单组分气体模型由于计算量较低,具有较好的工程适用性。双组分气体模型计入了火箭燃气的特性,计算消耗远低于化学非平衡计算,且能够较好地预测火箭级间段的流动分离,在计算效率和计算保真度之间做出了较好的平衡,未来在工程研究中有较大的应用潜力。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

含有多级驱动机构卫星的多变量频域稳定性分析方法

摘要： 针对含有多级驱动机构卫星的多级复合控制系统,提出一种多变量频域稳定性分析方法.首先,基于小量假设建立含有多级驱动机构卫星一体化线性模型,针对星体和载荷姿态设计单通道输出线性反馈控制器,采用传递函数矩阵的矩阵分式描述,进行多项式矩阵变换得到多通道闭环系统极点分布规律,确定闭环系统多变量频域输入输出稳定性条件.算例和仿真结果表明,该方法能够验证含有多级驱动机构卫星闭环系统稳定性,并为控制器参数设计提供了有效工具.     

进口导叶形式对核心机驱动风扇级的影响

以某变循环发动机(VCE)所用核心机驱动风扇级(CDFS)为研究模型,数值模拟了CDFS在真实边界环境下的流动特性,分析了单/双涵道工作模式下,不同形式的可调进口导叶(IGV)对CDFS流动特性及性能的影响机理。结果表明:不同工作模式时,CDFS靠导叶角度的开闭实现大范围的流量调节。单涵道(SB)工作模式时,不同形式的可调进口导叶(VIGV)对CDFS性能的影响差异很小;双涵道(DB)工作模式时采用常规可调导叶(CIGV)会在其吸力面产生较大的流场分离,且流通能力和流量调节范围大大降低。可变弯度导叶通过可转动部分的开闭实现CDFS对流量调节的需求;通过固定部分保证CDFS导叶进口气流攻角基本不变,同时在固定部分和可转动部分连接处所形成的收缩通道的加速效应显著抑制了导叶吸力面的流动分离。可变弯度导叶是适用于CDFS在不同工作模式下性能参数及流量调节需求的可调导叶的形式。     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

基于伴飞模式的补给星轨道设计与优化

针对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给问题,本文对其补给星的轨道进行了设计与优化。在给出补给星的轨道设计之后,利用遗传算法对补给星轨道机动所消耗的燃料质量以及每次转移给工作星的燃料质量进行了优化求解,使得补给星燃料利用率达到最高。仿真结果同时给出了燃料利用率与工作星轨道高度以及星座中卫星数目之间的关系,该结论对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给研究提供了较好的理论参考。     

航天器推力器布设对燃料消耗的影响

对航天器六自由度控制的推力分配问题进行了研究,参考卫星导航系统中几何精度衰减因子(GDOP) 的定义,首次提出了推力器构型燃料消耗因子（FCF）的概念,并将此概念用于定义推力器相对几何关系引起的期望控制量与燃料消耗间的比例关系。通过矩阵理论分析得到了燃料消耗因子随推力器数目增加而减少的结论,并通过仿真计算对结论进行了验证。     

搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊工艺

针对搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊的应用要求,开发了基于TIG焊熔补材料、搅拌摩擦焊增强组织性能的等强补焊工艺,对补焊后的接头进行了微观组织观察与力学性能分析,评价了补焊工艺对接头性能的影响.结果表明,对焊缝同一位置进行不大于三次的重复搅拌摩擦焊,接头力学性能不会明显下降;TIG熔补焊缝经再次搅拌摩擦焊后,其焊缝组织与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织特征相似,不会导致接头组织恶化.采用本文开发的等强补焊工艺对某型号火箭液氧贮箱纵缝的隧道缺陷进行了等强补焊,表明该方法有效可行.