Efficiency optimized fuel supply strategy of aircraft engine based on air-fuel ratio control

Accurate fuel injection control of aircraft engine can optimize the energy efficiency of UAV power system while meeting the propeller speed requirement. Traditional injection control method such as open-loop calibration causes instability of fuel supply which brings the risk of power loss of UAV. Considering that the closed-loop control of AFR can ensure a stable fuel feeding, this paper proposes an AFR control based fuel supply strategy in order to improve the efficiency of fuel-powered UAV while obtaining the required engine speed. According to the optimum fuel injection results, we implement fuzzy-PID method to control the set AFR in different situations. Through simulation and experiment studies, the results indicate that, to begin with, the calibrated mathematical model of the aircraft engine is effective. Next, this fuel supply strategy based on AFR control can normally realize the engine speed regulation, and the applied control algorithm can eliminate the overshoot of AFR throughout all the working progress. What is more,the fuel supply strategy can averagely shorten the response time of the engine speed by about two seconds. In addition, compared with the open-loop calibration, in this work the power efficiency is improved by 9% to 33%. Last but not the least, the endurance can be improved by 30 min with a normal engine speed. This paper can be a reference for the optimization of UAV aircraft engine.     

LaBr3(Ce)元件破损在线监测关键核素确定及效率校准

常用的元件破损在线监测方法受外在因素影响较大，以γ能谱中关键裂变产物核素比活度进行在线定量分析是一种可靠的元件破损监测方法。针对新型LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪，设计了元件破损模拟实验，对逸出的裂变产物采用HPGe和LaBr₃(Ce)探测器进行了对比测量。通过不同冷却时间γ能谱的核素分析，确定了¹³⁵Xe，⁸⁸Kr，¹³⁸Xe，⁸⁸Rb，¹³⁸Cs等可作为LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损γ能谱监测的关键核素。同时，制备了覆盖能量范围(250～2 400)keV，含⁶⁰Co，¹³⁷Cs，¹³³Ba；²⁴¹Am，¹⁵²Eu；¹⁰⁹Cd，⁸⁸Y，⁵⁷Co及²⁴Na的4组放射性标准溶液，在建立的效率校准系统上，校准了LaBr₃(Ce)在线监测仪的效率。在反应堆一次异常情况分析中，已校准的LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪对关键核素的现场分析结果与HPGe的取样分析结果一致，表明效率校准结果准确，校准方法可靠。     

Experimental comparison between aircraft fuel tank inerting processes using NEA and MIG

Fuel tank inerting technologies are able to reduce the fire risk by injection of inert gas into the ullage or fuel, the former called ullage washing and the latter fuel scrubbing. The Green On-Board Inert Gas Generation System (GOBIGGS) is a novel technology based on flameless catalytic combustion, and owning to its simple structure and high inerting efficiency, it has received a lot of attentions. The inert gas in the GOBIGGS is mainly comprised of CO₂, N₂, and O₂ (hereinafter, Mixed Inert Gas (MIG)), while that in the On-Board Inert Gas Generation System (OBIGGS), which is one of the most widely used fuel tank inerting technologies, is Nitrogen-Enriched Air (NEA). The solubility of CO₂ is nearly 20 times higher than that of N₂ in jet fuels, so the inerting capability and performance are definitely disparate if the inert gas is selected as NEA or MIG. An inerting test bench was constructed to compare the inerting capabilities between NEA and MIG. Experimental results reveal that, if ullage washing is adopted, the variations of oxygen concentrations on the ullage and in the fuel are nearly identical no matter the inert gas is NEA or MIG. However, the ullage and dissolved oxygen concentrations of MIG scrubbing are always higher than those of NEA scrubbing.     

针栓式喷注单元雾化角模型分析

为了实现不同径向孔形的针栓式喷注器雾化角的准确预测，从动量守恒方程出发建立了液膜撞击液膜和液膜撞击液束的雾化角理论修正模型。对于液膜撞击液膜的喷注单元，模型中通过理论推导引入了2个变形因子，将撞击的几何变形效应与雾化角关联；对于液膜撞击液束，通过引入阻塞率定义有效撞击动量比，同时将液束入口孔形的影响隐含考虑在变形因子中，最后根据高速摄影试验结果和数值仿真结果获得了对应的变形因子组合系数，使得新的雾化角模型适应性更广、准确性更高。结果表明：引入变形因子和阻塞率的理论模型预测值与试验及数值仿真结果吻合很好；对于液膜撞击液膜，变形因子基本维持在0.9~1.1，根据试验结果及仿真结果，变形因子推荐值为C₁=0.99和C₂=1.06；对于液膜撞击液束，变形因子推荐值为C₁=0.75和C₂=1.25。该模型根据实际出口的轴向动量和合成总动量计算雾化角，隐含考虑了撞击作用造成的影响，较根据撞击前入口的轴向动量和合成总动量计算雾化角的常用模型预测值准确度显著提高，为针栓式喷注器的理论研究和工程设计提供了重要参考。     

注气离心喷嘴喷注过程稳定性试验

为了解管路注气对补燃循环液氧煤油发动机预燃室煤油离心喷嘴喷注过程稳定性的影响，在大气环境下开展了敞口型离心喷嘴注气时喷注过程稳定性试验。使用注气装置在离心喷嘴的上游供应管路中注入空气，通过高速相机记录管路内的两相流特征和喷嘴喷注过程的振荡特征，采用图像区域亮度分析方法定量评估喷注过程的振荡强度。研究发现：注气能显著改变敞口型离心喷嘴的喷注雾化过程及稳定性特征；注气后雾化液膜破碎距离缩短且喷雾角减小，喷注过程出现明显的振荡并伴随Klystron效应；管路内两相流的气泡尺度较大且切向孔较小时，喷注过程的振荡幅值较大；随着注气量增加，喷注过程的振荡频率降低；气泡尺度及两相流型对离心喷嘴喷注振荡过程的影响与普通气泡雾化喷嘴的显著不同，柱状流型时离心喷嘴喷注过程出现1~3 Hz流量振荡且可能间歇性断流。气泡对切向孔的间歇性堵塞作用可能是喷注过程振荡及Klystron效应的原因。     

主油路供气对副喷嘴雾化特性的影响

双油路燃油喷嘴,在主喷嘴未投入工作的小负荷工况,燃油雾化质量差,不利于点火和燃烧过程.试验表明,向主喷嘴供应压缩空气可有效地解决上述问题.所得结果,对地面燃气轮机的运行和改烧劣质燃油的陆用航机有重要参考价值.     

偏心射流燃烧室特性试验研究

本文研究偏心射流的倾斜角对燃烧效率、贫油吹熄特性和出口温度场的影响.给出了同一燃烧室在轴对称进气条件下的相应特性.结果表明,偏心进气能明显扩大贫油吹熄范围,提高燃烧效率.在试验的角度范围内,适当加大偏心射流的倾角是有利的.     

某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究

本文对某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的工作特性和雾化质量进行了试验研究。主要包括：测定喷嘴的流量特性，通过数码照相和计算机图像处理测定喷嘴在不同压力下的喷雾锥角，利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）和激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）测量喷嘴的雾化粒度SMD及尺寸分布。通过对上述试验结果的分析，得出了一些有价值的结论。这些结论对该发动机燃油喷嘴的改进提供了重要依据。     

电容式传感器在飞机燃油测量系统中的应用

叙述了电容式传感器在飞机燃油测量系统中应用。首先,分析了电容式传感器在飞机燃油测量系统中工作的基本原理:因燃油液面位置变化而使电容量产生变化,将其转化为实时电信号,可以实现对飞机油箱油量变化的实时测量。其次,分析了测量误差产生的原因,并提出了改进措施。     

航天飞行器的两大数学问题

本文考虑火箭燃烧室燃烧不稳定性,固体推进剂不稳定燃烧,液体火箭贮箱推进剂晃动引起火箭系统不稳定性以及航天飞行不稳定性等问题的偏微分方程组定解问题。并指明航天飞行器的断裂问题是断裂力学的时代问题之一,研究它的数学方法如奇异积分方程法,J积分方法,研究复合材料的线性断裂力学原理以及处理边缘断裂问题的边界单元法都是值得探讨的。