Multipoint optimization on fuel efficiency in conceptual design of wide-body aircraft

Aircraft conceptual design optimizations that maximize the performance at a design condition (single-point) may result in designs with unsatisfying off-design performance. To further improve aircraft efficiency under actual flight operations, there is a need to consider multiple flight conditions (multipoint) in aircraft conceptual design and optimization. A new strategy for multipoint optimizations in aircraft conceptual design is proposed in this paper. A wide-body aircraft is taken as an example for both single-point and multipoint optimizations with the objective of maximizing the specific hourly productivity. Boeing 787-8 flight data was used in the multipoint optimization to reflect the true objective function. The results show that the optimal design from the multipoint optimization has a 7.72% total specific hourly productivity increase of entire flight missions compared with that of the baseline aircraft, while the increase in the total specific hourly productivity from the single-point optimal design is only 5.73%. The differences between the results of single-point and multipoint optimizations indicate that there is a good option to further improve aircraft efficiency by considering actual flight conditions in aircraft conceptual design and optimization.     

CFD predictions of LBO limits for aero-engine combustors using fuel iterative approximation

Lean blow-out (LBO) is critical to operational performance of combustion systems in propulsion and power generation. Current predictive tools for LBO limits are based on decadesold empirical correlations that have limited applicability for modern combustor designs. According to the Lefebvre’s model for LBO and classical perfect stirred reactor (PSR) concept, a load parameter (LP) is proposed for LBO analysis of aero-engine combustors in this paper. The parameters contained in load parameter are all estimated from the non-reacting flow field of a combustor that is obtained by numerical simulation. Additionally, based on the load parameter, a method of fuel iterative approximation (FIA) is proposed to predict the LBO limit of the combustor. Compared with experimental data for 19 combustors, it is found that load parameter can represent the actual combustion load of the combustor near LBO and have good relativity with LBO fuel/air ratio (FAR). The LBO FAR obtained by FIA shows good agreement with experimental data, the maximum prediction uncertainty of FIA is about ±17.5%. Because only the non-reacting flow is simulated, the time cost of the LBO limit prediction using FIA is relatively low (about 6 h for one combustor with computer equipment of CPU 2.66 GHz · 4 and 4 GB memory), showing that FIA is reliable and efficient to be used for practical applications.     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

军用航空发动机加力控制系统的研究和发展

对国外军用航空发动机加力控制系统的研制现状和今后的发展方向进行了归纳和分析，讨论了加力燃油泵、加力燃油调节器、加力燃油计量和分配装置、喷口油源泵和喷口调节器的技术特点、方案选择和研究动向。全权限数字电子控制技术的研究和应用，将会对军用航空发动机的研究和发展产生巨大的影响。     

脉冲爆震发动机供油自适应控制优化设计

研究了带气动阀PDE的供油自适应控制优化设计，通过在油管中设置单向阀和通过油管自身(无单向阀)，成功实现PDE的供油自适应控制，在爆震管直径为180mm，长度为2m，管内流速为25m／s的PDE中，可以产生稳定的爆震波，并获得2MPa以上的压力和1500N以上的峰值推力。通过对不同油管长度、不同工作频率的压力、推力曲线对比研究，分析了供油自适应控制的机理，及供油相对进气滞后时间的长短对PDE工作的影响。     

X探针旋转法测量风力灭火流场的实验研究

用二维恒温风速仪及Ｘ探针旋转法对风力灭火机出口三维撞击射流流场进行了实验，完成了渐缩圆形喷口射流以不同角度撞击到板上的三维流场的速度、湍流度及雷诺应力测试，经过适当的数据处理和结果分析，得出风力灭火机宜取２０℃以下喷射角为佳。     

用激波管驱动水喷雾

为了了解用激波管产生大流量水喷雾的流体力学原理,进行了实验研究。用可视化方法观察了管内两相流及所产生的喷雾的发展过程。用PVDF压力传感器测量了激波管内的压力波形。结果表明,水柱内的压力波明显地不同于空气中的压力波;水柱被经过加速后,其雾化形态发生了新的变化。     

在非垂直横向气流中直射式喷嘴雾化细度的实验研究

在文献[1-4]中关于横向气流中直射式喷嘴雾化的实验研究的基础上,研究了非垂直横向气流中直射式喷嘴的雾化细度.结果表明部分逆喷可大大地加强雾化,特别是在较低气流速度下尤为明显,对于一定的喷射方向、气流速度及喷嘴压力降,SMD并不是总随着喷口直径的增加而增加,在一定的喷口直径下,有一最小值.     

航天飞机用冲压发动机设计性能及燃料问题

本文论证了高M_α数亚燃冲压发动机用于航天飞机的可能性。并对用液氢、甲烷、丙烷等作为燃料的冲压发动机特性作了详细的计算分析。讨论了冲压发动机的工作菱形区、发动机特性及各截面的协调关系等问题。计算结果表明,在M_α=2～6及H=0～40km范围内,亚燃冲压发动机能满足航天飞机对动力装置的要求。在一定的条件下,液氢、甲烷和丙烷均可以被选为航天飞机用的冲压发动机的燃料。     

溅板型层板喷注单元流量及雾化特性实验研究

为了对液体火箭发动机新型喷注器进行研究，设计了一种结构、多组不同设计尺寸的溅板型层板喷注单元，以水为介质，利用Malvern激光粒度分析仪对溅板型层板喷注单元雾化特性进行了实验研究。分析了该种结构的不同特征长度、特征角度对喷注单元流量系数及雾化特性的影响，为该型溅板型层板喷注单元结构设计提供依据。