Microstructure and Properties of Low-pressure Cold Sprayed Al-based Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy Surface

Pure Al and Al-30% Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy by low-pressure cold spraying. The morphology and structure of the coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of the addition of Al2O3 on the microstructure of the Al-based coatings are discussed. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings are fully evaluated by the micro-hardness tester, electronic tensile machine, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the coating structure is more uniform and denser, and the porosity is significantly reduced after the addition of Al2O3. The interfaces between the coatings and the magnesium alloy substrate are distinct, and the coatings and the substrate are mechanically combined. Compared with the pure Al coating, the microhardness of the Al-Al2O3 composite coating is increased to 61.1 HV0.2, and the bonding strength reaches above 53.1 MPa. The self-corrosion potential of the two coatings is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, and the self-corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The Al-based coatings prepared by low-pressure cold spraying have high hardness, good bonding strength, and good corrosion resistance, which can be used for the repair and protection of magnesium alloy structural parts.     

射流冷却技术研究

随着电子封装密度的不断提高,液体循环冷却已难以满足部分大功率电子冷却的要求.由于射流冷却的效率大大高于液体循环冷却,目前已成为电子冷却领域的前沿技术.本文对射流冷却基本原理进行了探讨,简述了这一领域的研究发展状况并针对应用提出作者的一些看法.     

在横向气流中直射式喷嘴侧喷雾化细度的试验研究

应用激光散射测雾技术对均匀和不均匀横向气流中单个直射式喷嘴雾化细度作了试验研究。试验得出雾化细度 (索太尔平均直径) 随空气速度、供油压力、喷嘴孔径以及空气速度分布的变化规律。     

壁式与径向组合稳定器的流动与点火特性研究

为实现多模态冲压燃烧室全工况范围内的可靠点火及稳定燃烧,本文提出一种壁式稳定器和径向稳定器组合设计方案以提高在高速来流下的点火与传焰性能。本文数值研究了壁式+径向组合稳定器在不同结构参数下的流动特性,试验测量不同结构组合稳定器的点火极限,并利用回流率、质量交换率以及流动停留时间等参数揭示稳定器结构参数对点火性能的影响。研究结果表明：台阶高度及径向稳定器倾角通过改变流场结构进而影响点火性能。台阶高度越高,回流区结构越大,点火极限越低;在与径向稳定器组合后,值班稳定器内回流区沿径向稳定器向主流冷流区延伸,散热增强,同时点火释放能量易被径向回流带出值班区,因此点火极限增加。随着径向稳定器前倾角度增加,回流区与主流质量交换增加,流动停留时间缩短,导致点火性能的降低。本文结果可为多模态冲压发动机的工程研制提供技术支撑。     

新型除氧喷嘴的雾化性能

对新型撞击式除氧喷嘴产生的雾滴尺寸、分布与喷嘴几何参数及工作压力的关系进行了研究。测量使用激光大粒径测量仪,其实时测量范围为75～3000μm。该喷嘴在工作压力为0.1～0.6MPa 时产生,雾滴的索太尔平均粒径小于900μm,粒径随供水压力增加而减小。应进一步研究这种喷嘴的几何参数,特别是射流孔口直径及孔口至撞击杆的距离对雾化的影响,以提高它的雾化性能。     

燃料分级对旋流火焰的动态特性影响研究---“两机”专刊

为深入研究分级旋流火焰特性,本文以分级旋流模型燃烧室为研究对象,对四个不同燃料分级比(FSR)条件下的分级旋流火焰进行了数值研究,在时均燃烧场特性分析的基础上进一步对燃料分级比为1和3两个工况进行了大涡模拟(WMLES)研究。结果表明：燃料分级比的改变会影响中心回流区(CRZ)的长度和宽度。燃烧室中截面的散点分布图能够显示出不同燃料分级比条件下的燃烧特征。燃料分级比为1时,燃烧室剪切层仅存在零散的涡破碎区;而燃料分级比为3时,伴随涡破碎区还出现了单螺旋分支进动涡核(PVC)。通过FFT变换获得的燃烧室内剪切层速度能谱主频与进动涡核的旋转频率相同,表明内剪切层速度脉动的产生与进动涡核有关。另外进动涡核会使流场内的燃料分布和燃烧模式发生周期性的变化,进而影响燃烧过程。调整燃料分级比在1附近,能够使分级火焰达到稳定燃烧降低排放的目标。     

基于间接法的最优小推力逃逸轨道设计

目前,小推力逃逸轨道优化的大部分研究限于平面内逃逸或对发动机模型做无约束简化处理.通过在性能指标中引入一个待定参数,采用间接法将系统两点边值问题的待定参数约束在多维单位球里;同时结合同伦思想和曲线拟合技术,由短时间无约束平面内燃料最优逃逸问题开始,逐步求解长时间有约束平面外燃料最优逃逸问题.数值仿真结果表明该方法收敛性好,能求解复杂逃逸问题,是一种高效的逃逸轨道设计方法.     

等离子喷涂制备W丝增强NiAl单层复合材料的界面研究

采用等离子喷涂法制备了W丝增强NiAl单层复合材料并研究了该材料内部与界面相关的问题.研究表明:作为增强体的W丝与NiAl基体具有较好的稳定性,制备态的W/NiAl界面为非冶金结合,其界面处无元素的互扩散及界面反应发生;在模拟热压工艺的两种退火热处理(800 ℃/3 h,1 200 ℃/48 h)状态下,W丝/NiAl界面的结合强度增加,但界面处未出现可见的元素的互扩散层,只是W丝与结晶后NiAl熔滴颗粒之间的氧化物层明显增厚.另一方面,等离子喷涂工艺会给NiAl基体内部带来氧化物的内分界面,该界面的存在会导致NiAl基体的脆断.     

两种实验室方法模拟舰载平台环境下航空电路板的腐蚀行为

为评价干湿交替酸性盐雾和盐雾/SO2复合 2种实验室环境对航空电路板在舰载平台下的腐蚀行为研究的适用性,通过对 2种航空电路板产品开展随舰暴露试验和 2种实验室环境加速试验,分析了舰载平台环境下电路板典型结构的腐蚀机制以及与 2种实验室试验结果的相似性。结果表明,由于舰载平台环境中存在盐雾和 SO2等燃油尾气,导致了电路板有机涂层防护薄弱部位的失效,引发了镀通孔和表面导线的腐蚀,也导致了塑封存储器的失效。对比 2种实验室加速试验方法,盐雾/SO2复合试验在环境效应、环境因素方面对舰载腐蚀环境效应的复现效果更好。     

Ground experimental investigations into an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application

Spray cooling has proved its superior heat transfer performance in removing high heat flux for ground applications.However,the dissipation of vapor–liquid mixture from the heat surface and the closed-loop circulation of the coolant are two challenges in reduced or zero gravity space environments.In this paper,an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application was proposed and the negative pressure in the ejected condenser chamber was applied to sucking the two-phase mixture from the spray chamber.Its ground experimental setup was built and experimental investigations on the smooth circle heat surface with a diameter of 5 mm were conducted with distilled water as the coolant spraying from a nozzle of 0.51 mm orifice diameter at the inlet temperatures of 69.2 °C and 78.2 °C under the conditions of heat flux ranging from 69.76 W/cm~2 to 311.45 W/cm~2,volume flow through the spray nozzle varying from 11.22 L/h to 15.76 L/h.Work performance of the spray nozzle and heat transfer performance of the spray cooling system were analyzed;results show that this ejected spray cooling system has a good heat transfer performance and provides valid foundation for space closed-loop application in the near future.