民用飞机不同商载配置对机身着陆载荷的影响分析

重量分布和重心位置是影响起落架和机体地面载荷的重要因素,其中商载是影响全机重心、惯量的最活跃因素。飞机实际运营中,有无穷多种商载分布及装载方案。为了确保机身载荷分析时,不遗漏严重设计情况,同时能大大减少载荷人员的工作量,本文对不同商载配置下的机身着陆载荷进行了研究分析,分析结果表明最大商载情况将构成机身垂直剪力和垂直弯矩的严重情况。因此,在进行机身载荷分析时,必须考虑最大商载情况,而最大燃油情况可以不必考虑。这一结论为今后有针对性的开展民机机身载荷分析提供了数据支持。     

A novel architecture of electro-hydrostatic actuator with digital distribution

To address the flow imbalance rapidly of the asymmetric Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA), this paper presents a novel architecture of asymmetric EHA with the Digital Distribution (EHA-DD). It also improves the flow nonlinearity and control accuracy of the pump, especially in the low-speed condition. The digital distribution with two High-Speed on–off Valves (HSVs) not only balances flow instead of the check valves, but also replaces the pump at the low-speed to control output flow by adjusting the PWM signal. The pump and HSVs are the crucial components to control flow output. Firstly, the flow calculation models of the pump and the duty ratio inversed model of the HSV are obtained through experimental tests and the identification method. To get the control input signal for the required flow, the pump speed and PWM duty ratio for the HSVs are inversed to compensate for flow output. Further, a multimode digital flow distribution control method based on pump speed, mainly including the pump-controlled mode for large flow demand and valve-controlled mode for little flow demand, is proposed to control the accurate flow output actively. The step extension experiments based on the flow calculation models are conducted on the EHA-DD prototype under elastic, opposite varying load. The results demonstrate that the EHA-DD realizes little position error by accurate flow control, and it is also beneficial to improve the service life of the pump.     

西安某粘接材料厂室内供暖、热水系统的设计

基于厂方对供热系统的要求,根据供热建筑物、机房和可利用设施的实际情况,采用一台换热器,通过阀门的切换,实现了供暖和供热水的分段运行。将蒸汽发生器的进水与系统补水有机地整合为一个系统,有效地解决了机房面积过小的实际困难。利用自来水的压力和热水箱与浴室的高差解决了热水供应的实际问题。     

SAR performance-based fault diagnosis for electro-hydraulic control system: A novel FDI framework for closed-loop system

Model-based fault diagnosis serves as an efficient and powerful technique in addressing fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues for control systems. However, the standard methods and their modifications still encounter some difficulties in algorithm design and application for complex higher-order systems. To avoid these difficulties, a novel fault diagnosis framework based on multiple performance indicators of closed-loop control system is proposed. Under this framework, a so-called performance residual vector is constructed to measure the differences between the real system and the nominal model in terms of system stability, accuracy, and rapidity (SAR) respectively. The criteria for quantification, normalization of the SAR residuals and the explicit mappings between the thresholds and the required performance are given. FDI can be easily achieved simultaneously by monitoring the normalized residual vector length and direction in the SAR performance residual space. A case study on electro-hydraulic servo control system of turbofan engine is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

空间交会中脉冲变轨燃料消耗研究

导出了空间交会中多脉冲变轨的一般算法。在此基础上,重点研究了双脉冲变轨的燃料消耗情况,提出了双脉冲变轨条件下的“不可达点”及其附近的“高耗能区域”,并给出了相应的物理解释。最后对多脉冲变轨与双脉冲变轨进行了比较。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

射流管伺服阀前置级压力特性

为分析射流管伺服阀射流管喷嘴高压射流区的特性,建立了射流管伺服阀前置级数学模型,得到了射流管偏移值、射流管喷嘴半径和接收孔半径对接收器压力分布、喷嘴出口流速及接收器的左右孔恢复压力的影响规律.流场分析发现射流管喷嘴的高速射流出口处容易产生旋涡,且存在环状负压效应.结果表明:高压射流状态下,射流管喷嘴半径增大,恢复压力增加;接收孔半径增大,恢复压力降低.接收孔半径与射流管喷嘴半径之比的最佳取值区间为[1.3,1.5].当射流管偏移值增大时,在偏移值增大一侧,射流管与接收孔之间的有效流体接收面积增大,射流管与接收孔之间的流体旋涡扩大,内部流场环状负压效应增加,接收孔恢复压力降低.      

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

基于伴飞模式的补给星轨道设计与优化

针对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给问题,本文对其补给星的轨道进行了设计与优化。在给出补给星的轨道设计之后,利用遗传算法对补给星轨道机动所消耗的燃料质量以及每次转移给工作星的燃料质量进行了优化求解,使得补给星燃料利用率达到最高。仿真结果同时给出了燃料利用率与工作星轨道高度以及星座中卫星数目之间的关系,该结论对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给研究提供了较好的理论参考。     

双独立闭环复合液压伺服控制体系的分析

针对现有几种液压伺服控制系统的优缺点,基于高性能和节能这一发展趋势,提出基于伺服电机、定量泵、蓄能器和伺服阀的双独立闭环的新型复合控制体系.分析了其结构特点,建立了数学模型并进行了仿真分析和实验验证,证明新型控制体系充分发挥了各个控制环节的效能,实现了流量适应,较现有的控制方案简单可靠,在综合指标方面有了很大的提高,适合机载液压系统和弹载液压系统.