航空用燃料电池及混合电推进系统发展综述

随着世界范围内碳减排需求的日益增长及长航时飞机的发展需要,高效率的燃料电池航空电推进系统逐渐受到重视,氢能航空的理念被人们所熟知。可使用碳氢燃料的高温燃料电池还可与燃气涡轮组成混合动力系统,发电效率进一步提高至70%。本文首先回顾了燃料电池及燃料电池涡轮混合系统在航空能源、动力系统方向应用概况;接着,概述了几种突破现有涡轮发动机技术瓶颈的新概念混合电推进系统,如发电与推进一体化燃料电池涡轮混合动力系统和无涡轮燃料电池混合推进系统;基于此,本文分析了限制燃料电池混合系统实际应用的关键技术难题,主要体现在混合动力系统功重比较低、大分子碳氢燃料重整技术未突破两方面。     

基于故障树方法的某型飞机缝翼蒙皮过热原因分析

通过对某型民用飞机缝翼蒙皮过热故障进行分析与研究,建立了缝翼蒙皮过热的故障树并逐项进行分析,最终确定了故障产生的原因。     

压差控制器的稳定性分析和设计参数的研究

压差控制器是航空发动机燃油计量的重要部件,用于保持计量活门前后的压差恒定.为探究其控制压差能力的因素,研究了某型发动机加力系统中压差控制器的性能,分析并推导出其影响控压差能力的主要因素,并在AMESim仿真环境下对所得结果进行建模仿真,验证了所得结论的正确性.在此基础上对其进行合理的改型,为保证改型不影响系统稳定性,用小偏差原理对改型前后的压差控制器辨识,得到传递函数,确保改型并未损失其动态性能.最终得到改进压差控制器控压差能力的理论依据.     

波音737-300型飞机与A320系列飞机前轮转弯控制原理的比较分析

通过对比分析波音737-300和A321机型的前轮转弯控制原理,阐述机械-液压控制和电传控制两种前轮转弯方式的优缺点,为分析转弯机构出现的疑难故障提供了理论基础.     

Convex optimisation approach to constrained fuel optimal control of spacecraft in close relative motion

This paper describes an interesting and powerful approach to the constrained fuel-optimal control of spacecraft in close relative motion. The proposed approach is well suited for problems under linear dynamic equations, therefore perfectly fitting to the case of spacecraft flying in close relative motion. If the solution of the optimisation is approximated as a polynomial with respect to the time variable, then the problem can be approached with a technique developed in the control engineering community, known as “Sum Of Squares” (SOS), and the constraints can be reduced to bounds on the polynomials. Such a technique allows rewriting polynomial bounding problems in the form of convex optimisation problems, at the cost of a certain amount of conservatism. The principles of the techniques are explained and some application related to spacecraft flying in close relative motion are shown.     

一种脉宽数字快速电磁阀驱动电路的设计

采用强激颤振电流、维持颤振电流及占空比的控制方法,设计了一种驱动电路,使电磁阀在开占空比时强激吸合后迅速降低驱动电流,降低了电磁阀的发热量,提高了电磁阀的响应速度,从而达到电磁阀对燃油流量的精确控制.在脉宽数字快速电磁阀电路设计中使用了为数不多的贴片元器件,实现了电磁阀小型化和高可靠性驱动的控制.     

调节阀特性研究

针对某种调节阀,利用AMESim软件建立了该调节阀的仿真模型,仿真计算了该调节阀液流试验的流量特性,结果与调节阀液流试验结果基本一致,证明了仿真模型的合理性。利用该模型准确地预测了全系统试验过程中调节阀的流量特性,并对该调节阀的起动特性进行了初步研究。     

基于比例阀控制的液压附件部件综合试验台的设计

针对某飞机液压系统对液压附件、部件的测试要求,设计了多支路液压系统综合试验台,实现了对飞机液压系统中作动器的动作时间、次数和速度等参数测试,对液压缸、阀、集成块等附件在不同压力、流量和温度等条件下的性能测试。该设计主要采用比例阀控制压力和流量,多级过滤器进行油源净化,PLC和继电器实现测控、电位计进行压力和流量调节,数显表直接显示压力、流量和温度、时间等参数。通过实际测试验证,试验台工作稳定、安全可靠、调整方便、显示直观、振动噪音小、不泄露,满足了某型号飞机液压附件部件测试的要求。     

Efficiency optimized fuel supply strategy of aircraft engine based on air-fuel ratio control

Accurate fuel injection control of aircraft engine can optimize the energy efficiency of UAV power system while meeting the propeller speed requirement. Traditional injection control method such as open-loop calibration causes instability of fuel supply which brings the risk of power loss of UAV. Considering that the closed-loop control of AFR can ensure a stable fuel feeding, this paper proposes an AFR control based fuel supply strategy in order to improve the efficiency of fuel-powered UAV while obtaining the required engine speed. According to the optimum fuel injection results, we implement fuzzy-PID method to control the set AFR in different situations. Through simulation and experiment studies, the results indicate that, to begin with, the calibrated mathematical model of the aircraft engine is effective. Next, this fuel supply strategy based on AFR control can normally realize the engine speed regulation, and the applied control algorithm can eliminate the overshoot of AFR throughout all the working progress. What is more,the fuel supply strategy can averagely shorten the response time of the engine speed by about two seconds. In addition, compared with the open-loop calibration, in this work the power efficiency is improved by 9% to 33%. Last but not the least, the endurance can be improved by 30 min with a normal engine speed. This paper can be a reference for the optimization of UAV aircraft engine.     

LaBr3(Ce)元件破损在线监测关键核素确定及效率校准

常用的元件破损在线监测方法受外在因素影响较大，以γ能谱中关键裂变产物核素比活度进行在线定量分析是一种可靠的元件破损监测方法。针对新型LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪，设计了元件破损模拟实验，对逸出的裂变产物采用HPGe和LaBr₃(Ce)探测器进行了对比测量。通过不同冷却时间γ能谱的核素分析，确定了¹³⁵Xe，⁸⁸Kr，¹³⁸Xe，⁸⁸Rb，¹³⁸Cs等可作为LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损γ能谱监测的关键核素。同时，制备了覆盖能量范围(250～2 400)keV，含⁶⁰Co，¹³⁷Cs，¹³³Ba；²⁴¹Am，¹⁵²Eu；¹⁰⁹Cd，⁸⁸Y，⁵⁷Co及²⁴Na的4组放射性标准溶液，在建立的效率校准系统上，校准了LaBr₃(Ce)在线监测仪的效率。在反应堆一次异常情况分析中，已校准的LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪对关键核素的现场分析结果与HPGe的取样分析结果一致，表明效率校准结果准确，校准方法可靠。