液体粘性对离心式喷嘴喷雾浓度分布和喷雾锥角影响的理论与试验研究

本文从理论和试验上研究了液体粘性对离心式喷嘴喷雾浓度分布,喷雾锥角和雾化粒度的影响,建立了喷嘴后方液体浓度分布的物理数学模型.首次考虑了喷嘴出口空气涡的影响,给出了浓度分布、喷雾锥角和索太尔平均直径的计算方法.运用激光散射测雾技术,对喷嘴在静止空气中的雾化特性进行了研究,给出了喷雾锥角和索太尔平均直径的经验公式,并从试验上验证了所建立的数学模型.     

基于图像处理的高频脉动撞击雾化特性研究

为研究高频脉动下撞击式喷嘴的雾化特性,采用水力扰动装置产生喷前压力扰动,由高速摄影对动态的喷雾场进行背光拍摄,采用普通长焦距镜头拍摄宏观的喷雾场,采用微距镜头拍摄微观的喷雾场。为解决高频脉动喷雾场瞬态液滴粒径测量困难的问题,基于图像处理建立了雾场瞬态液滴粒径捕捉测量方法,获得了高频脉动喷雾场局部区域的Sauter平均直径（SMD）随时间的变化规律。从宏观来看,自然喷雾场的液滴空间分布比较均匀,而高频脉动喷雾场则出现了稠密区与稀疏区交替分布的现象。宏观雾场灰度值较小的区域对应稠密喷雾区,从微观来看,该区域的液滴行为更加复杂,发生了液滴碰撞融合、二次破碎等一系列复杂物理过程。雾场空间出现复杂的液滴行为,导致液滴的粒径分布与空间分布发生改变,对燃烧释热产生重要影响。自然喷雾场的SMD随时间的变化表现出白噪声特性,高频脉动喷雾场的SMD随时间的变化表现出周期性特征,并且周期性变化的频率与施加的强迫扰动频率一致。     

Two-dimensional piston pump: Principle,design, and testing for aviation fuel pumps

Aviation fuel pumps of the future are required to be highly efficient and lightweight. As such, this work presents the designs of various mechanisms and structures of advanced two-dimensional piston pumps for aero-engines, and their universal kinematic design methods are detailed herein. The efficiency of various piston pump prototypes was experimentally tested at various speeds in an open circuit. The experimental results indicate that two-dimensional piston pumps have a volumetric efficiency >91% and a higher power–mass ratio than conventional fuel pumps under all the conditions studied. Furthermore, the structural and material problems encountered during testing can provide a blueprint for further improvement of the design and processing of two-dimensional piston fuel pumps.     

基于气助雾化喷射的柴油喷雾特性数值模拟

为对气助雾化喷射柴油的过程进行数值分析,借助计算流体力学仿真工具Fluent,在不改变喷嘴结构的情况下,建立考虑油气预混腔中柴油喷射过程的三维流体计算模型,研究定容弹内气助雾化喷嘴的柴油/空气两相流喷射过程,并且重点考察喷气压力、环境背压以及燃油温度对气助雾化喷射柴油喷雾特性的影响规律。结果表明：喷气压力对喷雾贯穿距离影响较大,喷气压力由0.65 MPa增大至0.75 MPa后贯穿距离增加12.2%,但柴油索太尔平均直径（SMD）只减小了5.2%,说明在保证燃油SMD处于较好水平时,喷气压力和环境背压绝对压力比值（气相压比）为7.5有利于减少气量消耗;环境背压对喷雾贯穿距离与燃油SMD影响显著,气相压比为1.875时,喷嘴出口处流场基本不会产生超声速气流,气动力降低显著影响了燃油液滴破碎过程,使喷射时间在4 ms时的SMD达到40.7μm;燃油温度对喷雾贯穿距离影响不大,但对燃油SMD影响较大,燃油温度升高后燃油SMD显著减小,323 K对应的SMD比293 K时减小了12.3%,喷射时间在4 ms时的SMD达到14.9μm,燃油蒸发质量分数达到36.93%。     

Recent advances in physical understanding and quantitative prediction of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization

Impinging-jet injectors are widely used in liquid propulsion applications, since their simple configuration provides reliable and efficient atomization. The flowfield involves a series of complicated spatio-temporal evolutions. Much effort has been directed toward understanding the underlying physics and developing quantitative predictions of impinging-jet atomization. This paper summarizes the recent advances in this direction, including state-of-the-art theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies, along with representative results. Finally, concluding remarks address remaining challenges and highlight modeling capabilities of high-fidelity simulations.     

微纳卫星星座的Kuhn-Munkres匹配部署优化方法

针对将半长轴、升交点赤经、纬度辐角均不同的低轨微纳卫星群部署到同一轨道面不同目标相位的星座部署问题，提出一种基于Kuhn Munkres(KM)匹配的星座部署优化方法。通过KM算法实现卫星和目标纬度辐角的优化匹配，充分利用J 2摄动，使升交点赤经借助半长轴和纬度辐角的部署而得到同步修正，从而节约燃料。仿真结果表明，相比于传统部署方法，在相同约束下，优化后的部署方法使各星平均燃耗减少，各星燃耗量均衡性提高。弥补了传统同轨星座部署中将各星初始位置简化为空间一点且忽略部署过程中的升交点赤经漂移的不足。采用有限常值推力实现轨道机动，适用于携带微推力推进系统的微纳卫星。     

CFD predictions of LBO limits for aero-engine combustors using fuel iterative approximation

Lean blow-out (LBO) is critical to operational performance of combustion systems in propulsion and power generation. Current predictive tools for LBO limits are based on decadesold empirical correlations that have limited applicability for modern combustor designs. According to the Lefebvre’s model for LBO and classical perfect stirred reactor (PSR) concept, a load parameter (LP) is proposed for LBO analysis of aero-engine combustors in this paper. The parameters contained in load parameter are all estimated from the non-reacting flow field of a combustor that is obtained by numerical simulation. Additionally, based on the load parameter, a method of fuel iterative approximation (FIA) is proposed to predict the LBO limit of the combustor. Compared with experimental data for 19 combustors, it is found that load parameter can represent the actual combustion load of the combustor near LBO and have good relativity with LBO fuel/air ratio (FAR). The LBO FAR obtained by FIA shows good agreement with experimental data, the maximum prediction uncertainty of FIA is about ±17.5%. Because only the non-reacting flow is simulated, the time cost of the LBO limit prediction using FIA is relatively low (about 6 h for one combustor with computer equipment of CPU 2.66 GHz · 4 and 4 GB memory), showing that FIA is reliable and efficient to be used for practical applications.     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

月球探测器动力下降段最优轨迹参数化方法

为保证月球探测器进入姿态调整段时具有充分的高度与速度余量,本文提出一种基于控制变量参数化的月球探测器动力下降段最优轨迹求解方法。在三维探测器软着陆动力学模型基础上,将月球探测器软着陆制导律设计等效为燃料最优约束下的探测器俯仰角控制问题,利用控制变量参数化(Control Variables Parameterization, CVP)方法将该控制问题中的控制变量与约束条件转化为非线性规划问题求解,并引入时间尺度变换,将着陆时间序列加入待规划参数,进而求得满足精度的最优数值解。蒙特卡罗仿真实验表明,与传统的显式制导律相比,本文提出的参数化制导方法在动力下降段燃料更省,动力下降段的起始高度在±20%范围内波动时,仍能以高精度速度和高度指标完成末制导。     

驻涡燃烧室凹腔温度变化规律及气量分配

通过对单双涡燃烧室进行热态试验研究,研究余气系数、进口气流参数对凹腔壁温分布的影响,并通过三维数值模拟对燃烧室及凹腔气流量进行计算,得到壁温分布规律,为燃烧室材料选择以及气量分配的后续优化做好铺垫.试验结果表明,单涡试验件的最高壁温出现在凹腔后壁面;燃烧室余气系数变化改变了双涡试验件最高壁温的位置;数值模拟结果比较准确的得到了驻涡燃烧室的气流量分布.