燃气射流起始冲击波形成机理的实验研究

利用实验研究的方法对燃气射流起始冲击波的形成机理进行研究。目的在于研究其发生、发展的规律,为寻求降低其危害性的研究提供参考。实验中使用了激光Ｍｏｉｒｅ偏拍仪对起始冲击波场的形成初期进行了光学显示,同时还使用了压阻式压力传感器对起始冲击波超压进行了测量。通过对测量结果的分析,认识了燃气射流起始冲击波的物理本质且总结出其形成和发展的一般规律,它在近场的高峰值超压对火箭武器的承载设备具有破坏作用。     

陶瓷基复合材料在喷管上的应用

综述了国外Ｃ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料在火箭发动机喷管上的应用现状,重点介绍了法国ＳＥＰ生产Ｃ／ＳｉＣ复合材料喷管扩张段的成型技术以及连接与机加、材料性能等。最后对Ｃ／ＳｉＣ复合材料在固体火箭发动机上的应用前景进行了展望。     

反向喷管堵盖释放时间及同步性测量

研究了固体火箭发动机推力终止试验时，反向喷管堵盖打开时间及同步性测量方法，在测量中配置了抗干扰能力强，时间分辨率为微秒级的数字记录系统和多功能模拟记录系统，解决了时间测量中产生和获取起始脉中肯主终止脉主号的关键技术，消除了引爆机的产生的冲击和气体电离的影响，该测量方法经过多次充气容器冷试和发动机地面静止试验的考核，证实了测出的数据准确可靠，克服了时间测量数据分散度大的缺点。     

航空用燃料电池及混合电推进系统发展综述

随着世界范围内碳减排需求的日益增长及长航时飞机的发展需要,高效率的燃料电池航空电推进系统逐渐受到重视,氢能航空的理念被人们所熟知。可使用碳氢燃料的高温燃料电池还可与燃气涡轮组成混合动力系统,发电效率进一步提高至70%。本文首先回顾了燃料电池及燃料电池涡轮混合系统在航空能源、动力系统方向应用概况;接着,概述了几种突破现有涡轮发动机技术瓶颈的新概念混合电推进系统,如发电与推进一体化燃料电池涡轮混合动力系统和无涡轮燃料电池混合推进系统;基于此,本文分析了限制燃料电池混合系统实际应用的关键技术难题,主要体现在混合动力系统功重比较低、大分子碳氢燃料重整技术未突破两方面。     

固体发动机卡环连接结构大变形弹塑性有限元分析

对复合材料壳体与喷管的卡环连接结构进行了弹塑性大变形接触有限元理论分析模型的建立及有限元应力，应变数值分析。对复合材料壳体材料进行了等效正交各向异性轴对称材料模式分析；采用点点间隙单元，分析了卡环，接头及倒锥等多体接触问题。     

沉积速率及其对喷管壁温影响的理论研究

固体火箭发动机喷管的沉积不仅影响发动机工作性能也影响喷管壁表面和壁内的温度随时间的变化规律,本文根据沉积过程的传热模型计算了三氧化二铝在固体火箭发动机喷管喉部的沉积速率,与实验结果相符合,并计算了在沉积过程中喷管壁内温度分布随时间的变化过程,数值计算表明,在沉积的初始阶段由于凝相粒子所释放的热量将增加向喷管壁内的传热,温度上升比没有沉积时要快,随着沉积层的加厚逐渐阻挡气相向喷管壁的传热,而使壁内的温度随时间的增加有一个峰,理论与实验结论一致。     

液体火箭发动机喷管收扩段的数控加工工艺研究

液体火箭发动机中，喷管收扩段是一个关键零件，数控加工工艺方法和程序编制方法非常复杂，国内外均在该方面有所研究。本文简述了喷管收扩段的数控加工工艺和程序编制方法以及在程序编制过程中建立的数学模型，并在通用的数控铣加工中心上实现了该零件的数控加工。     

Convex optimisation approach to constrained fuel optimal control of spacecraft in close relative motion

This paper describes an interesting and powerful approach to the constrained fuel-optimal control of spacecraft in close relative motion. The proposed approach is well suited for problems under linear dynamic equations, therefore perfectly fitting to the case of spacecraft flying in close relative motion. If the solution of the optimisation is approximated as a polynomial with respect to the time variable, then the problem can be approached with a technique developed in the control engineering community, known as “Sum Of Squares” (SOS), and the constraints can be reduced to bounds on the polynomials. Such a technique allows rewriting polynomial bounding problems in the form of convex optimisation problems, at the cost of a certain amount of conservatism. The principles of the techniques are explained and some application related to spacecraft flying in close relative motion are shown.     

Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine

It has been well known that nozzle end-clearances in a Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT) are unfavorable for aerodynamic performance, especially at small openings, and efforts to further decrease size of the clearances are very hard due to thermal expansion. In this paper, both the different sizes of nozzle end-clearances and the various ratios of their distribution at the hub and shroud sides were modelled and investigated by performing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations with a code of transferring the aerodynamic pressure from the CFD results to the FEA calculations. It was found that increasing the size of the nozzle end-clearances divided equally at the hub and shroud sides deteriorates turbine efficiency and turbine wheel reliability, yet increases turbine flow capacity. And, when the total nozzle end-clearances remain the same, varying nozzle end-clearances’ distribution at the hub and shroud sides not only shifts operation point of a VNT turbine, but also affects the turbine wheel vibration stress. Compared with nozzle hub clearance, the shroud clearance is more sensitive to both aerodynamic performance and reliability of a VNT turbine. Consequently, a possibility is put forward to improve VNT turbine efficiency meanwhile decrease vibration stress by optimizing nozzle end-clearances’ distribution.     

Efficiency optimized fuel supply strategy of aircraft engine based on air-fuel ratio control

Accurate fuel injection control of aircraft engine can optimize the energy efficiency of UAV power system while meeting the propeller speed requirement. Traditional injection control method such as open-loop calibration causes instability of fuel supply which brings the risk of power loss of UAV. Considering that the closed-loop control of AFR can ensure a stable fuel feeding, this paper proposes an AFR control based fuel supply strategy in order to improve the efficiency of fuel-powered UAV while obtaining the required engine speed. According to the optimum fuel injection results, we implement fuzzy-PID method to control the set AFR in different situations. Through simulation and experiment studies, the results indicate that, to begin with, the calibrated mathematical model of the aircraft engine is effective. Next, this fuel supply strategy based on AFR control can normally realize the engine speed regulation, and the applied control algorithm can eliminate the overshoot of AFR throughout all the working progress. What is more,the fuel supply strategy can averagely shorten the response time of the engine speed by about two seconds. In addition, compared with the open-loop calibration, in this work the power efficiency is improved by 9% to 33%. Last but not the least, the endurance can be improved by 30 min with a normal engine speed. This paper can be a reference for the optimization of UAV aircraft engine.